{"title":"Catalysts","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"max-width: 700px; font-family: Georgia,serif; color: #222; margin-bottom: 32px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; border: 1px solid #002147; border-radius: 8px; padding: 16px 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #7fa8cc;\"\u003eCatalogue\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; color: #ffffff;\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; color: #ffffff;\"\u003eResearch-grade catalysts for synthetic chemistry and method development — transition-metal complexes, precatalysts, ligands, and organocatalysts enabling a diverse set of transformations such as cross-coupling, hydrogenation, oxidation, reduction, and C–H functionalisation reactions. Supplied to specification for discovery research and scale-up.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #e8e7e2; border: 1px solid #c8c7c2; border-radius: 8px; padding: 16px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999;\"\u003eWhat we supply\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 13px; color: #555; line-height: 1.9;\"\u003eTransition-metal complexes\u003cbr\u003ePrecatalysts \u0026amp; precursors\u003cbr\u003eCatalytic ligands\u003cbr\u003eOrganocatalysts\u003cbr\u003ePhase-transfer catalysts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #e8e7e2; border: 1px solid #c8c7c2; border-radius: 8px; padding: 16px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999;\"\u003eEvery shipment includes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 13px; color: #555; line-height: 1.9;\"\u003eBatch-specific CoA\u003cbr\u003eSDS — EU CLP\/GHS compliant\u003cbr\u003eCommercial invoice\u003cbr\u003eDDP service available worldwide\u003cbr\u003eShipped from Helsinki, Finland\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #888; line-height: 1.6;\"\u003eAll products are Research Use Only (RUO). Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"methylene-blue-usp-995","title":"Methylene Blue Trihydrate | CAS 7220-79-3 | ≥99.5%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e7220-79-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e615-731-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00150008\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSP5740000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCN(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C3C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C3S2.O.O.O.[Cl-]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C16H18N3S.ClH.3H2O\/c1-18(2)11-5-7-13-15(9-11)20-16-10-12(19(3)4)6-8-14(16)17-13;;;;\/h5-10H,1-4H3;1H;3*1H2\/q+1;;;;\/p-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eXQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e104827\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC16H24ClN3O3S\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e373.9 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e190 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in water (gives deep blue solution); partially soluble in ethanol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eDark green crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e3204.13\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFinland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container, protected from light.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethylene Blue Trihydrate\u003c\/strong\u003e is the trihydrate of methylthioninium chloride (Basic Blue 9), a cationic phenothiazinium dye that dissolves in water to give an intense blue solution, in which it exists in a concentration- and medium-dependent monomer–dimer equilibrium — the monomer absorbing near 664 nm and the dimer near 605 nm. On excitation it populates a triplet state that transfers energy to molecular oxygen to generate singlet oxygen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiological staining.\u003c\/strong\u003e As a cationic basic dye it stains bacterial cells and nucleic-acid-rich structures such as nuclei, the positive charge binding anionic cellular components.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNucleic-acid binding.\u003c\/strong\u003e With calf-thymus DNA it binds by intercalation and by electrostatic interaction with the phosphate backbone; the electrostatic contribution dominates at low ionic strength and is screened as salt rises.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRedox indicator.\u003c\/strong\u003e It is reversibly reduced from the blue oxidised form to colourless leucomethylene blue, the couple illustrated by the classical “blue bottle” experiment, in which alkaline glucose reduces the dye and shaking re-admits oxygen to restore the colour.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotosensitiser.\u003c\/strong\u003e It is widely used as a reference photosensitiser for singlet-oxygen and photo-oxidation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnionic-surfactant assay (MBAS).\u003c\/strong\u003e It forms an extractable ion pair with anionic surfactants, the basis of the Methylene Blue Active Substances method for determining surfactants in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdsorption model dye.\u003c\/strong\u003e It is a standard cationic dye for evaluating adsorption onto activated carbon, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, where uptake is commonly described by Langmuir isotherms and attributed to π–π and electrostatic interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":52143712338257,"sku":"NOR-7220793-10g","price":27.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":52143712371025,"sku":"NOR-7220793-25g","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":52143712403793,"sku":"NOR-7220793-50g","price":64.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":52143712436561,"sku":"NOR-7220793-100g","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Methylene_Blue.png?v=1782682114"},{"product_id":"rose-bengal-sodium-cas-632-69-9","title":"Rose Bengal Sodium | CAS 632-69-9 | Dye Content ≥80%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e632-69-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e211-183-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00005043\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLM5920000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=C2C(=C3C=C(C(=O)C(=C3OC2=C(C(=C1I)[O-])I)I)I)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C20H4Cl4I4O5.2Na\/c21-10-8(9(20(31)32)11(22)13(24)12(10)23)7-3-1-5(25)16(29)14(27)18(3)33-19-4(7)2-6(26)17(30)15(19)28;;\/h1-2,29H,(H,31,32);;\/q;2*+1\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eUWBXIFCTIZXXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e32343\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₂₀H₂Cl₄I₄Na₂O₅\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1017.64 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e\u0026gt;300 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, DMSO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥80% (Dye Content)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRed to dark-violet crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e3204.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore at room temperature in a tightly sealed container under inert atmosphere, protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRose Bengal Sodium\u003c\/strong\u003e is an anionic xanthene dye, the most heavily halogenated fluorescein — four chlorines on the benzoate ring, four iodines on the xanthene chromophore. The heavy iodines drive intersystem crossing (heavy-atom effect) to a long-lived triplet that sensitises O₂ to singlet oxygen (¹O₂); the tetrachloro\/tetraiodo framework red-shifts absorption relative to fluorescein and eosin Y. In water it absorbs near 548 nm and emits near 567 nm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReference photosensitizer for singlet oxygen.\u003c\/strong\u003e Under green light it is a high-yield ¹O₂ sensitiser, Φ(¹O₂) ≈ 0.75 in water. A benchmark alongside methylene blue and porphyrins for calibrating photosensitizers and determining ¹O₂ quantum yields by phosphorescence at 1270 nm. As a ¹O₂ source it drives [4+2] cycloaddition to endoperoxides, ene reactions to allylic hydroperoxides, and oxidation of sulfides, phenols, and electron-rich heteroaromatics. Solutions are light-sensitive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisible-light organophotocatalyst.\u003c\/strong\u003e A metal-free, low-cost organophotocatalyst whose triplet is the reactive species under green-LED, mediating aerobic hydroxylation of organoboron compounds, C–H functionalisation of tertiary amines via α-amino radicals, sulfonylations, and thiol-ene additions through oxidative\/reductive quenching, energy transfer, or singlet-oxygen pathways. Complements rather than replaces ruthenium and iridium polypyridyl photocatalysts, which cover different redox territory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadical photoinitiator.\u003c\/strong\u003e A visible-light photoinitiator component for radical photopolymerisation, including thiol-ene and acrylate formulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiological stain.\u003c\/strong\u003e In mycology it is the selective agent in Rose Bengal–Chloramphenicol Agar for enumerating yeasts and moulds, restricting mould spreading while chloramphenicol suppresses bacteria. In marine biology it is the traditional protoplasm stain for benthic foraminifera, distinguishing cytoplasm-containing from empty tests — though dead or preserved cytoplasm also retains stain, so staining is not proof of living status.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModel anionic dye.\u003c\/strong\u003e A visible-absorbing anionic test dye for adsorption, membrane, and photodegradation studies, tracked by UV–vis; as a ¹O₂ sensitiser its own degradation includes self-sensitised photodegradation, not only external photocatalysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":52705390985553,"sku":"NOR-632699-5g","price":39.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":52705391018321,"sku":"NOR-632699-10g","price":59.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":52705391051089,"sku":"NOR-632699-25g","price":84.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":52705391083857,"sku":"NOR-632699-50g","price":155.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":52705391116625,"sku":"NOR-632699-100g","price":285.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Rose_Bengal_Sodium.png?v=1782683270"},{"product_id":"thianthrene-cas-92-85-3","title":"Thianthrene | CAS 92-85-3 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e92-85-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e202-197-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00005065\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C2C(=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3S2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C12H8S2\/c1-2-6-10-9(5-1)13-11-7-3-4-8-12(11)14-10\/h1-8H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eGVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e7109\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC12H8S2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e216.32 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e151–155 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, and warm ethanol; insoluble in water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003ePale yellow to off-white crystalline solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2934.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFinland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSite-Selective Aryl-Group Transfer via Thianthrenium Salts.\u003c\/strong\u003e Thianthrene reacts with arenes under mild electrophilic conditions — through its sulfoxide derivative activated by triflic anhydride — to give arylthianthrenium triflate salts in which the aryl group is bound to a sulfonium centre as a competent leaving group for downstream chemistry. This C–H thianthrenation methodology, pioneered by the Ritter group, exhibits unusually high site-selectivity governed by steric accessibility and electronic activation of the substrate, often favouring the para position of simple monosubstituted arenes and the most electron-rich, least sterically hindered site in complex pharmaceutical scaffolds. The resulting aryl-TT+ salts are bench-stable surrogates for diazonium and aryl-halide cross-coupling partners and undergo a wide range of metal-catalysed and photoredox-promoted transformations, including amination, Suzuki–Miyaura and Negishi-type biaryl couplings, Pd-catalysed deuteration and tritiation for isotope labelling, borylation, trifluoromethylation, and conversion to aryl radicals under photoredox or copper-mediated conditions. The methodology has recently been extended to meta-selective functionalisation via Catellani-type strategies using norbornene as a relay. The borylation manifold provides access from complex arenes to aryl boronate derivatives that can enter Suzuki–Miyaura chemistry, complementary to the arylboronic acid building blocks supplied separately by NorrChemica. Related thianthrene chemistry has also been extended to olefin substrates, with alkenyl-thianthrenium salts and dicationic alkene-thianthrene adducts emerging as linchpins for cyclopropanation, aminofunctionalisation, and allylic functionalisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadical Cation Chemistry and Electrochemical Research.\u003c\/strong\u003e The well-characterised one-electron oxidation of thianthrene to a persistent radical cation (TT•+), first detected in 1957 and extensively mapped in subsequent work, makes the compound a benchmark substrate in organic electrochemistry and a model system for sulfur-centred radical cations, charge-transfer complexes, and persistent open-shell species. Isolable thianthrene radical cation tetrafluoroborate is itself a useful one-electron oxidant in synthesis, with reported reactivity toward organometallic substrates including dialkylmercurials and organotin compounds. The radical cation also acts as an in situ-generated SET mediator in photoredox-coupled transformations, including thiocyanation and selenocyanation of aryl thianthrenium salts and radical-coupling protocols where it shuttles electrons between substrate and photoredox cycle. The butterfly-shaped neutral compound serves as a model system in studies of conformational dynamics, with reported inter-ring dihedral angles around 128–142° and an inversion barrier near 4 kcal mol−1 in classical structural studies, as well as in computational and crystallographic studies of through-space sulfur–sulfur interactions and lone-pair orbital overlap across the central 1,4-dithiine ring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDonor Architecture for Organic Optoelectronics and Energy-Storage Materials.\u003c\/strong\u003e Thianthrene and its oxidised derivatives are documented motifs in organic optoelectronic and energy-storage materials. As a rigid donor\/spacer unit in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter design, the thianthrene fragment contributes butterfly geometry and bulky three-dimensional architecture that can separate donor and acceptor frontier orbitals, suppress aggregation-caused quenching, and support a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST) for reverse intersystem crossing. Reported blue-emitting TADF systems include DPS-2CzTE and DPS-2Cz2TE, in which thianthrene is inserted as a rigid bridge between carbazole donors and a diphenylsulfone acceptor. In energy-storage applications, thianthrene-based polymeric mediators provide 4 V-class redox-active organic units for hybrid redox-targeting reactions with LiMn2O4 in flow battery architectures, exploiting the reversible TT\/TT•+ couple at potentials accessible to high-voltage lithium chemistries. Oxidised thianthrene derivatives such as thianthrene-5,5,10,10-tetraoxide (TTO) serve as acceptor units in donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and thianthrenium-salt cationic photoinitiators provide UV-curable polymerisation formulations that avoid the benzene byproducts generated by traditional triarylsulfonium photoinitiators.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysicochemical Reference and Thermochemical Standard.\u003c\/strong\u003e Thianthrene is NIST Standard Reference Material 1656, a combustion calorimetric standard for checking oxygen-bomb calorimetry apparatus, analytical procedures, and calculations for organic sulfur compounds. It is also used as a reference substrate in studies of aqueous solubilities of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and oxygen-containing heterocyclic derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in measurements of partition coefficients in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and supercritical carbon dioxide, and as a structural reference for the butterfly-shaped geometry of the central 1,4-dithiine ring in dibenzo-fused sulfur heterocycles. Its bond and ring geometry provide benchmark inputs for computational analyses of through-space S–S interactions and lone-pair donation into the central heterocycle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":53802338713937,"sku":"NOR-92853-5g","price":24.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53669259641169,"sku":"NOR-92853-10g","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53669259673937,"sku":"NOR-92853-25g","price":54.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":53802332029265,"sku":"NOR-92853-50g","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":53802332062033,"sku":"NOR-92853-100g","price":139.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Thianthrene.png?v=1782683548"},{"product_id":"2-2-bipyridine-cas-366-18-7","title":"2,2′-Bipyridine | CAS 366-18-7 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e366-18-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e206-674-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00006212\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eDW1750000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C10H8N2\/c1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10\/h1-8H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1474\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₀H₈N₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e156.18 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e70–73 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSlightly soluble in water, soluble in common organic solvents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to pale yellow crystalline solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFinland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2,2'-Bipyridine\u003c\/strong\u003e (2,2'-dipyridyl, α,α'-bipyridyl, bipy, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine) is the unsubstituted parent of the 2,2'-bipyridine ligand family and a classic bidentate N,N-chelating ligand. Its two pyridyl nitrogens act as σ-donors and π-acceptors, binding a wide range of transition-metal ions through a five-membered chelate ring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructure and electronic behaviour\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFree 2,2'-bipyridine adopts a transoid conformation about the inter-ring C–C bond and rotates to a cisoid geometry on chelation. The π* system is redox non-innocent: the ligand reduces stepwise to a radical monoanion (bpy•⁻) and a dianion (bpy²⁻), acting as an electron reservoir alongside the coordinated metal in photoredox and reductive catalysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolypyridyl photocatalyst and photochemistry ligand\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,2'-Bipyridine is the ligand backbone of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺, and of ruthenium, iridium, iron, and copper polypyridyl complexes used in visible-light photochemistry. In ruthenium and related complexes, bipyridine supports long-lived metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states with defined redox potentials, driving single-electron-transfer and energy-transfer cycles in photoredox catalysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLigand for transition-metal catalysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond ruthenium and iron, 2,2'-bipyridine is an N,N-chelator for copper, palladium, nickel, and manganese catalysts across cross-coupling, C–H functionalisation, and oxidation chemistry. It is a benchmark ligand for nickel-catalysed reductive cross-electrophile coupling, joining aryl and alkyl halides to form C(sp²)–C(sp³) bonds through open-shell nickel intermediates. Copper\/bipyridine systems with nitroxyl co-catalysts oxidise alcohols to aldehydes and ketones under air. Chiral and 4,4'- or 6,6'-substituted bipyridines extend the scaffold to asymmetric catalysis and tune catalyst electronics and sterics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControlled radical polymerisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2,2'-Bipyridine is a foundational ligand in copper-mediated atom-transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), where the copper–bipyridine complex reversibly activates a carbon–halogen bond for controlled chain growth. 4,4'-Dialkyl-substituted variants improve copper-complex solubility in organic media.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeyond synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemiluminescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) with a tri-n-propylamine co-reactant emits near 620 nm through electrochemically generated excited states, without external optical excitation. It is a classic luminophore system for electrochemiluminescence assays and biosensor research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpectrophotometric determination of iron(II):\u003c\/strong\u003e with Fe(II), 2,2'-bipyridine forms the intensely red tris-chelate [Fe(bpy)₃]²⁺ with an absorption maximum near 522 nm, used for colorimetric determination of ferrous iron. Analytical grades are sold as reagents for iron(II) and molybdenum.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDye-sensitised solar cells and functional materials:\u003c\/strong\u003e functionalised bipyridines are core ligands in ruthenium DSSC sensitisers, where carboxylated or phosphonated derivatives anchor the dye to the semiconductor. The bipyridine scaffold is also used in electrochromic materials, supramolecular assemblies, and metal–organic frameworks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolar-fuel photosensitisers:\u003c\/strong\u003e ruthenium and related bipyridine complexes act as photosensitisers in multicomponent systems for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetal-ion chelation:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2,2'-bipyridine serves as an N,N-chelator for probing Fe(II) and other transition-metal binding in analytical and coordination-chemistry workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53670329680209,"sku":"NOR-366187-10g","price":24.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53670329712977,"sku":"NOR-366187-25g","price":37.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":53670329745745,"sku":"NOR-366187-50g","price":54.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":53670329778513,"sku":"NOR-366187-100g","price":74.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":53670329811281,"sku":"NOR-366187-250g","price":119.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":53846732308817,"sku":"NOR-366187-500g","price":209.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg","offer_id":53846732341585,"sku":"NOR-366187-1000g","price":379.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_2-2-Bipyridine.png?v=1782683548"},{"product_id":"2-2-bipyridine-nickel-ii-dibromide-cas-46389-47-3","title":"(2,2′-Bipyridine)nickel(II) Dibromide | CAS 46389-47-3 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e46389-47-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e894-589-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD31728660\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.[Ni](Br)Br\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C10H8N2.2BrH.Ni\/c1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;;;\/h1-8H;2*1H;\/q;;;+2\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCYKXDHXBWOTQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e10883287\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₀H₈Br₂N₂Ni\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e374.68 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water, soluble in methanol, DMF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLight yellow to amber to dark green crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2931.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFinland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated (2–8 °C) under inert gas in a tightly sealed container, protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(2,2'-Bipyridine)nickel(II) dibromide\u003c\/strong\u003e ([Ni(bpy)Br₂], dibromo(2,2'-bipyridine)nickel(II), NiBr₂(bpy)) is a nickel(II) coordination complex in which 2,2'-bipyridine chelates the Ni(II) centre alongside two bromide ligands. Commercial material is supplied as a light yellow to amber to dark green powder or crystals. As a pre-assembled Ni\/bipyridine complex, it provides a convenient entry point to catalyst systems based on the Ni(bpy) fragment — a motif widely used in modern nickel cross-coupling, radical, photoredox, and electroreductive chemistry. Ni\/bipyridine systems access Ni(0), Ni(I), Ni(II), and Ni(III) manifolds, including open-shell Ni(I)\/Ni(III) intermediates involved in radical and photoredox pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-assembled precatalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplied as a single, pre-formed Ni\/bipyridine complex, it offers a convenient, easily weighed alternative to combining a separate nickel salt and bipyridine ligand in situ, or to handling highly air-sensitive Ni(0) sources such as Ni(cod)₂. In use, it is reduced in situ to the active low-valent nickel species by metallic reductants, photoredox cycles, or applied electrochemical potential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReductive cross-electrophile coupling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi\/bipyridine catalyst systems are central to reductive cross-electrophile coupling, where aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halides are joined with alkyl electrophiles under stoichiometric reduction, commonly using zinc or manganese. Many of these reactions involve radical generation and capture by nickel, accessing Ni(I)\/Ni(III) manifolds and enabling C(sp²)–C(sp³) bond formation — and, in selected cases, C(sp³)–C(sp³) coupling — directly from abundant electrophiles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi\/bipyridine and related pyridyl-ligated nickel systems support Suzuki–Miyaura chemistry beyond classical aryl–aryl coupling, including C(sp²)–C(sp³) bond formation from selected alkyl electrophiles such as sulfonates and alcohol-derived substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecarboxylative and single-electron transmetalation couplings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi\/bipyridine systems participate in radical cross-couplings from redox-active carboxylic acid derivatives and from single-electron transmetalation precursors such as alkylsilicates, alkyltrifluoroborates, and related organoboron reagents, enabling C(sp²)–C(sp³) fragment coupling with aryl halides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetallaphotoredox dual catalysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaired with iridium or ruthenium polypyridyl photocatalysts, Ni\/bipyridine complexes are among the most common nickel partners in metallaphotoredox dual catalysis. These systems combine nickel oxidative addition to aryl halides with photoredox generation of radical or nucleophilic coupling partners, enabling C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation under visible light. Certain Ni–bipyridine intermediates also participate in direct-excitation photochemistry, complementing systems that rely on a separate photosensitiser. These methods are widely used for late-stage functionalisation and fragment coupling in research synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC–N amination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi\/bipyridine systems mediate C–N cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides with primary and secondary amines under photochemical conditions, including direct excitation of nickel–bipyridine complexes, where photoinduced electron transfer assists otherwise challenging reductive elimination steps.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectroreductive coupling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi\/bipyridine systems are used in electroreductive coupling, where cathodic reduction can replace stoichiometric metal reductants in selected cross-electrophile and decarboxylative coupling reactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeyond synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArtificial photosynthesis and CO₂-reduction models:\u003c\/strong\u003e nickel polypyridyl complexes, including Ni–bipyridine families, are studied as earth-abundant molecular catalysts for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to CO, often paired with Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ photosensitisers or semiconductor light absorbers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhotophysics and mechanistic models:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ni–bipyridine halide and organonickel intermediates are studied by transient spectroscopy and direct-excitation experiments to understand charge transfer, radical generation, and metal–halide or metal–carbon bond homolysis in nickel photochemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53675181572433,"sku":"NOR-46389473-1g","price":27.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53675181605201,"sku":"NOR-46389473-2g","price":49.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53675181637969,"sku":"NOR-46389473-5g","price":94.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53675181670737,"sku":"NOR-46389473-10g","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53675181703505,"sku":"NOR-46389473-25g","price":349.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica__2_2_-Bipyridine_nickel_II_Dibromide.png?v=1782779951"},{"product_id":"tris-2-2-bipyridine-ruthenium-ii-dichloride-cas-14323-06-9","title":"Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Dichloride | CAS 14323-06-9 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e14323-06-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e238-266-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00013224\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3C10H8N2.2ClH.Ru\/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;;;\/h3*1-8H;2*1H;\/q;;;;;+2\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eSJFYGUKHUNLZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e84353\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC30H24Cl2N6Ru\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e640.53 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e300 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFreely soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile; gives an intensely orange-red solution with strong red-orange luminescence under UV\/blue excitation.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRed to orange crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFinland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container, protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[Ru(bpy)3]2+\u003c\/strong\u003e, the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) cation, is the archetypal visible-light photoredox catalyst. Absorption in the MLCT band (ε452 ≈ 14,600 M−1cm−1) is followed by near-unity intersystem crossing to a long-lived 3MLCT state (λem ≈ 615 nm; typically ~0.6–0.9 µs in deoxygenated aqueous or organic media) that can act as both a photo-oxidant and a photo-reductant. Reductive quenching by a sacrificial donor generates the strongly reducing Ru(bpy)3+, while oxidative quenching generates the strongly oxidising Ru(bpy)33+; the ground-state couples are E(Ru3+\/Ru2+) ≈ +1.29 V and E(Ru2+\/Ru+) ≈ −1.33 V vs SCE. These two manifolds underpin the methodologies below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynthetic methodologies developed with this catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTin-free reductive dehalogenation:\u003c\/strong\u003e reduction of activated C–X bonds using \u003cem\u003ei\u003c\/em\u003e-Pr2NEt with HCO2H or Hantzsch ester as hydrogen-atom donor, chemoselective over aryl and vinyl halides and operable on preparative scale.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e[2+2] cycloadditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e reductive radical-anion [2+2] cycloadditions of enones and oxidative radical-cation [2+2] cycloadditions of electron-rich olefins, including methyl-viologen-mediated variants, giving substituted cyclobutanes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormal [3+2] cycloadditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e visible-light ring-opening coupling of aryl cyclopropyl ketones with alkenes, under Lewis-acid\/base assistance, to give highly substituted cyclopentanes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnantioselective α-alkylation of aldehydes:\u003c\/strong\u003e dual photoredox–organocatalysis with a chiral imidazolidinone and activated alkyl halides, giving enantioenriched α-alkyl aldehydes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eC–H alkylation of electron-rich heteroarenes:\u003c\/strong\u003e direct functionalisation of indoles, pyrroles and furans with activated alkyl bromides such as diethyl bromomalonate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC):\u003c\/strong\u003e aerobic α-C–H functionalisation of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines through photogenerated iminium ions, coupling with nucleophiles such as nitroalkanes (the aza-Henry\/nitro-Mannich reaction).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAddition to N-acyliminium ions:\u003c\/strong\u003e nucleophile addition to N-acylimines generated in situ from α-amidosulfides, giving α,α-disubstituted amines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical fluoroalkylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e azido- and aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with an electrophilic CF3 source such as Umemoto’s reagent, and radical addition to trifluoromethyl ketones to give trifluoromethyl carbinols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy-transfer catalysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e triplet-sensitised alkene \u003cem\u003eE\u003c\/em\u003e\/\u003cem\u003eZ\u003c\/em\u003e isomerisation of accessible-triplet-energy substrates such as stilbenes, with no change in catalyst oxidation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhotocontrolled radical polymerisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e visible-light RAFT (PET-RAFT), in which Ru(bpy)32+ operates through coupled electron- and\/or energy-transfer pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeyond synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemiluminescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e the foundational coreactant ECL luminophore; electro-oxidation with tri-\u003cem\u003en\u003c\/em\u003e-propylamine (TPrA) populates the 3MLCT state to emit near 615 nm without optical excitation (peroxydisulfate as cathodic coreactant), underpinning immunoassay, biosensor and analytical detection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolar-fuel research:\u003c\/strong\u003e a classic photosensitiser in multicomponent hydrogen-evolution systems, paired with sacrificial donors, methyl-viologen relays and proton-reduction catalysts such as platinum colloids or cobaloximes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53675191271761,"sku":"NOR-14323069-250mg","price":37.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53842460737873,"sku":"NOR-14323069-500mg","price":69.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53675191173457,"sku":"NOR-14323069-1g","price":109.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53675191206225,"sku":"NOR-14323069-2g","price":198.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53675191238993,"sku":"NOR-14323069-5g","price":389.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53842462933329,"sku":"NOR-14323069-10g","price":679.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Tris_2_2_-bipyridine_ruthenium_II_Dichloride.png?v=1782781391"},{"product_id":"pd-dppf-cl2-cas-72287-26-4","title":"Pd(dppf)Cl₂ | CAS 72287-26-4 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e72287-26-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e615-748-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00015757\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[CH-]1C=CC=C1P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[CH-]1C=CC=C1P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl[Pd]Cl.[Fe+2]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/2C17H14P.2ClH.Fe.Pd\/c2*1-3-9-15(10-4-1)18(17-13-7-8-14-17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16;;;;\/h2*1-14H;2*1H;;\/q2*-1;;;2*+2\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eNXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e71310626\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₃₄H₂₈Cl₂FeP₂Pd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e731.7 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e266-283 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water, soluble in DCM, DMF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eOrange to red solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated (2–8 °C) under inert gas (N₂ or Ar) in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)\u003c\/strong\u003e (Pd(dppf)Cl₂) is an air-stable palladium(II) precatalyst in which the bidentate ligand dppf chelates palladium through its two phosphorus donors, completing a square-planar centre with two cis chloride ligands. The dppf backbone is built on a ferrocene unit whose two cyclopentadienyl rings each carry a diphenylphosphino group, giving the chelate a P–Pd–P bite angle near 99°, wider than the dppe and dppp homologues. Because the catalytically active species is palladium(0), the precatalyst must first be reduced in situ to a dppf-ligated palladium(0) species before oxidative addition; the reducing pathway depends on the substrate, base, solvent and organometallic partner present. It is conveniently prepared by treating dppf with a palladium dichloride bis(nitrile) complex.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMiyaura borylation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe signature application of Pd(dppf)Cl₂ is the Miyaura borylation. Ishiyama, Murata and Miyaura showed that the complex couples bis(pinacolato)diboron with aryl and vinyl halides, with potassium acetate as base, to give aryl- and vinylboronic esters directly from the halide. Potassium acetate is not a generic base. Bis(pinacolato)diboron is a poor Lewis acid, and ¹¹B NMR shows that acetate does not form an activated tetrahedral borate with it, in contrast to the boronate activation that operates in Suzuki coupling; instead the proposed cycle has acetate displace halide from the arylpalladium(II) intermediate, giving a Pd–O species more reactive toward transmetalation with the diboron than the Pd–halide it replaces. A mild base is important because a stronger one can activate the boronate product toward competing Suzuki coupling and erode yield. The conditions tolerate nitro, cyano, ester and carbonyl groups, and the air-stable pinacol boronate products are readily purified and used as coupling partners in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. The air stability of Pd(dppf)Cl₂, against many phosphine–palladium(0) catalysts, is part of what made this route broadly practical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross-coupling and the bite-angle effect\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond borylation, Pd(dppf)Cl₂ and dppf-ligated palladium systems are documented across Suzuki–Miyaura, Kumada, Negishi, Sonogashira and Heck couplings, in Buchwald–Hartwig C–N amination, and in carbonylative chemistry such as alkoxy- and aminocarbonylation. Much of the complex's value traces to the bite angle. Widening the P–Pd–P angle destabilises the square-planar palladium(II) ground state and stabilises the lower-coordinate product of reductive elimination, lowering the barrier to that bond-forming step. The effect is measurable: in a direct comparison of P₂PdMeR complexes, the larger interchelate angle of dppf gave faster reductive elimination than the narrower dppp. Hayashi and Kumada exploited this in the original dppf work, where Pd(dppf)Cl₂ coupled secondary and primary alkyl Grignard and alkylzinc reagents with organic halides without isomerisation of the alkyl group or reduction of the halide through β-hydride elimination — because reductive elimination outcompeted the β-hydride pathway that defeats simpler phosphine catalysts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChoosing among palladium sources\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePd(dppf)Cl₂ is one of several common entry points to palladium catalysis, and the practical differences are largely structural. Pd(PPh₃)₄ is a ready-made palladium(0) source but is air- and light-sensitive and carries four monodentate phosphines, whose dissociation equilibria and excess can slow the cycle; it is also weak toward the less reactive aryl chlorides. Pd₂(dba)₃ is a bench-stable palladium(0) reservoir to which a ligand of choice is added, but its dibenzylideneacetone is not an innocent spectator: it coordinates palladium(0) and modulates both the concentration of active species and the rate of oxidative addition, and it can decompose to palladium nanoparticles that aggregate as inactive palladium black, lowering the soluble active palladium. Pd(dppf)Cl₂, in contrast, is an air-stable solid that delivers a single, defined dppf chelate with a fixed bite angle, removing the phosphine-to-palladium ratio and any added-ligand step as variables. The best choice remains reaction- and substrate-dependent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoordination behaviour and precatalyst use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a chelating diphosphine, dppf enforces a cis P,P coordination mode and gives more persistent ligand binding than monodentate phosphines, while still allowing the coordination changes required for cross-coupling turnover. The ferrocene backbone provides a defined yet flexible scaffold, and modification of the aryl substituents tunes the donor properties at phosphorus — together establishing Pd(dppf)Cl₂ as a widely used diphosphine palladium precatalyst in research and process chemistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53853455352145,"sku":"NOR-72287264-250mg","price":69.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53675577016657,"sku":"NOR-72287264-1g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53675577049425,"sku":"NOR-72287264-2g","price":129.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53675577082193,"sku":"NOR-72287264-5g","price":209.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53675577114961,"sku":"NOR-72287264-10g","price":379.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Pd_dppf_Cl2_v2.png?v=1782799792"},{"product_id":"copper-i-iodide-cas-7681-65-4","title":"Copper(I) Iodide | CAS 7681-65-4 | ≥99%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e7681-65-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e231-674-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00010978\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[Cu+].[I-]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/Cu.HI\/h;1H\/q+1;\/p-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eLSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e6432705\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eCuI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e190.45 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e605 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003ePractically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in acetonitrile and DMSO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥99%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eBrown solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2827.60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container, protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCopper(I) iodide\u003c\/strong\u003e (cuprous iodide, CuI) is a widely used soft Cu(I) source in synthesis and a well-studied p-type semiconductor. It adopts the zincblende (γ) structure at room temperature, converting to wurtzite (β) and rock-salt (α) phases on heating. Essentially insoluble in water, it dissolves in concentrated iodide solutions through iodocuprate formation and is soluble in ammonia and selected donor solvents such as acetonitrile. Commercial material is commonly supplied as white to off-white powder; slight cream or tan colouration can arise from trace iodine impurities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications in synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSonogashira co-catalysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e a classical Cu(I) co-catalyst alongside palladium in the coupling of aryl, heteroaryl and vinyl halides with terminal alkynes; Cu(I) forms a copper acetylide that transmetalates to palladium, accelerating the coupling under amine bases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUllmann-type C–N, C–O and C–S coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e a Cu(I) source for ligand-accelerated coupling chemistry — including diamine-, amino-acid- and 1,3-diketone-supported variants — used for arylation of amines, amides, phenols, azoles and related heteroatom nucleophiles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAzide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC):\u003c\/strong\u003e Cu(I) source for copper-catalysed click reactions between organic azides and terminal alkynes, giving 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through copper-acetylide chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAromatic Finkelstein reaction:\u003c\/strong\u003e catalyst for halide exchange that converts aryl, heteroaryl and vinyl bromides into the corresponding iodides, typically with sodium iodide and a diamine ligand in dioxane.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrganocuprate generation:\u003c\/strong\u003e precursor to Gilman-type cuprates (R2CuLi) and related organocopper reagents for conjugate (1,4-) addition and substitution chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeyond synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCoordination chemistry and luminescent clusters:\u003c\/strong\u003e a soft Cu(I) building block for complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene, phosphine and pyridyl ligands, and for [Cu4I4] cubane and stair-step clusters whose Cu–Cu interactions give temperature-dependent (thermochromic) photoluminescence.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ep-Type semiconductor and transparent conductor:\u003c\/strong\u003e γ-CuI is a wide-direct-bandgap p-type semiconductor (~3.1 eV) with high hole mobility, studied as a hole-transport layer in thin-film photovoltaics and in transparent electronics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU, UK \u0026amp; Switzerland only: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days. UK and Switzerland (DDP): duties and taxes prepaid. Classified as dangerous goods — shipping restrictions apply outside the EU, UK and Switzerland.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53675600314705,"sku":"NOR-7681654-10g","price":24.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53675600347473,"sku":"NOR-7681654-25g","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":53675600380241,"sku":"NOR-7681654-50g","price":59.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":53675600413009,"sku":"NOR-7681654-100g","price":98.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":53675600445777,"sku":"NOR-7681654-250g","price":149.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":53843154043217,"sku":"NOR-7681654-500g","price":279.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_CuI.png?v=1782800156"},{"product_id":"copper-acetate-monohydrate-cas-6046-93-1","title":"Copper(II) Acetate Monohydrate (Cu(OAc)2·H2O) | CAS 6046-93-1 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e6046-93-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e611-978-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00149570\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eAG3480000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].O.[Cu+2]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/2C2H4O2.Cu.H2O\/c2*1-2(3)4;;\/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);;1H2\/q;;+2;\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eNWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e165397\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eCu(OAc)₂·H₂O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e199.65 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e115 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in water (72 g\/L, pH 5.2–5.5 at 20 °C); soluble in alcohol and acetonitrile; slightly soluble in diethyl ether and glycerol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eDark green to blue-green crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2915.29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCopper(II) Acetate Monohydrate\u003c\/strong\u003e is a paddlewheel dimer rather than a simple salt: two copper(II) centres bridged by four acetates with an axial water on each, antiferromagnetically coupled. That structure survives dissolution — in solution the acetate-bridged paddlewheel is the dominant species — and it accounts for most of what the reagent does.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChan–Lam coupling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catalysis begins by displacing the axial water: a chelating aromatic secondary amine replaces it on the dimer, and the acetate counterions then act as an internal base to deprotonate the coordinated amine. Aerobic oxidative coupling with phenylboronic acid runs in dichloromethane, in air, at room temperature, on one equivalent of the salt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC–H amidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e It catalyses intramolecular C(sp³)–H amidation to indolines with silver carbonate as the terminal oxidant. Solvent choice is decisive: dimethyl sulfoxide gave only a trace of product, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and dioxane none at all, while non-polar aromatics worked well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStoichiometric oxidant.\u003c\/strong\u003e Rhodium-catalysed oxidative indazole synthesis uses it at 2.1 equivalents with a pivalic acid additive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAzide–alkyne cycloaddition.\u003c\/strong\u003e The acetate-bridged copper(II) dimer oxidises the terminal alkyne to the diyne, and that step yields both the copper(I) acetate dimer which catalyses the cycloaddition and the acetic acid which releases the triazole.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFramework synthesis.\u003c\/strong\u003e Growth of the copper trimesate framework requires formation of carboxylate-bridged paddlewheel copper dimers, so the reagent supplies the secondary building unit directly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Solubility in methanol rises significantly on adding a few volume per cent of water. The monohydrate dehydrates between 125 and 225 °C, so an anhydrous-only protocol has to allow for that step — and since these couplings run at or above one equivalent, the 10% mass difference between hydrate and anhydrous salt is a real weighing error rather than a rounding one.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU, UK \u0026amp; Switzerland only: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days. UK and Switzerland (DDP): duties and taxes prepaid. Classified as dangerous goods — shipping restrictions apply outside the EU, UK and Switzerland.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53675613978961,"sku":"NOR-6046931-10g","price":34.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53675614011729,"sku":"NOR-6046931-25g","price":47.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":54464559939921,"sku":"NOR-6046931-50g","price":69.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54464559972689,"sku":"NOR-6046931-100g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":54464560005457,"sku":"NOR-6046931-250g","price":109.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":54464560038225,"sku":"NOR-6046931-500g","price":169.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Cu_OAc_2_H2O.png?v=1785513542"},{"product_id":"products-4czipn-cas-1416881-52-1","title":"4CzIPN (Photocatalyst) | CAS 1416881-52-1 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1416881-52-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e863-265-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD27939633\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=CC=CC=C3N2C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4C#N)N5C6=CC=CC=C6C7=CC=CC=C75)N8C9=CC=CC=C9C1=CC=CC=C18)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)C#N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C56H32N6\/c57-33-43-53(59-45-25-9-1-17-35(45)36-18-2-10-26-46(36)59)44(34-58)55(61-49-29-13-5-21-39(49)40-22-6-14-30-50(40)61)56(62-51-31-15-7-23-41(51)42-24-8-16-32-52(42)62)54(43)60-47-27-11-3-19-37(47)38-20-4-12-28-48(38)60\/h1-32H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003ePRWATGACIORDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e102198498\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₅₆H₃₂N₆\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e788.89 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water. Soluble in dichloromethane and chloroform; sparingly soluble in most other organic solvents.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eYellow to greenish-yellow crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore tightly sealed at room temperature, protected from light. Photoactive material — store in the dark; refrigeration (2-8 °C) recommended for long-term storage.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4CzIPN\u003c\/strong\u003e (2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile; 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene) is a metal-free organic photoredox catalyst built on a donor–acceptor architecture. Four electron-rich carbazole donors surround an electron-poor dicyanobenzene core, producing a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST \u0026lt; 0.1 eV) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with a long-lived emissive excited state. Under visible blue light, 4CzIPN participates in both oxidative and reductive quenching cycles, giving access to a broad redox window through its excited-state and radical-ion chemistry. A single organic chromophore can therefore replace ruthenium or iridium polypyridyl photocatalysts in many visible-light single-electron-transfer workflows. With reported photoluminescence quantum yields above 90% in suitable media and good thermal stability, 4CzIPN is a benchmark metal-free photoredox catalyst and a reference green TADF emitter, with additional use in energy-transfer and metallaphotoredox chemistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisible-light photoredox catalysis (single-electron transfer).\u003c\/strong\u003e Under blue-light irradiation at low catalyst loading, 4CzIPN generates open-shell intermediates by single-electron transfer. Well-documented applications include decarboxylative couplings, acylations and radical cyclisations involving carboxylic acids, α-keto acids and aldehydes, Giese-type additions to electron-poor alkenes, and radical fluorination, trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethoxylation. The broad redox profile supports both oxidative and reductive quenching cycles in common polar organic solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetallaphotoredox (dual) catalysis.\u003c\/strong\u003e 4CzIPN is most strongly established in nickel dual-catalytic cross-coupling, where the photocatalyst supports radical generation and turnover of organometallic intermediates for C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation. It has also been used with copper and palladium co-catalysts for related radical and C–H functionalisation chemistry. Combined with cobaloxime catalysts it can sensitise hydrogen-evolution and dehydrogenative transformations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy-transfer photocatalysis.\u003c\/strong\u003e 4CzIPN can act as a triplet sensitiser, driving reactions through energy transfer rather than electron transfer, including reported [2+2] cycloadditions, E\/Z isomerisations and sensitisation of substrates that resist direct single-electron pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTADF emitter and optoelectronic materials.\u003c\/strong\u003e As a donor–acceptor molecule with a small singlet–triplet gap and efficient reverse intersystem crossing, 4CzIPN is a reference green thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, studied as emissive and host material in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFurther applications.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemiluminescence (ECL):\u003c\/strong\u003e emissive TADF luminophore for annihilation- and co-reactant ECL, including aqueous ECL systems after polymer encapsulation, relevant to sensing-oriented ECL materials research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTriplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC):\u003c\/strong\u003e heavy-atom-free triplet sensitiser that, paired with an annihilator such as pyrene, converts lower-energy visible light into higher-energy emission, including visible-to-UV upconversion.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotophysical and electrochemical reference data\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGround-state potentials (vs SCE): E(PC•+\/PC) ≈ +1.49 V; E(PC\/PC•−) ≈ −1.24 V. Excited-state potentials (vs SCE): E(PC*\/PC•−) ≈ +1.35 to +1.43 V, corresponding to photo-oxidising ability; E(PC•+\/PC*) ≈ −1.18 V, corresponding to photo-reducing ability. Reported values vary with solvent and measurement method. Singlet–triplet gap ΔEST ≈ 0.08 eV; green emission λem ≈ 507 nm; photoluminescence quantum yield above 90% in degassed toluene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53835122442577,"sku":"NOR-1416881521-100mg","price":21.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53835122475345,"sku":"NOR-1416881521-250mg","price":37.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53818911293777,"sku":"NOR-1416881521-1g","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53818911326545,"sku":"NOR-1416881521-2g","price":189.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53818911359313,"sku":"NOR-1416881521-5g","price":349.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_4CzIPN_v2.png?v=1782812553"},{"product_id":"2-hydroxybenzyl-diphenylphosphine-oxide-cas-70127-50-3","title":"Denton's Mitsunobu Catalyst | CAS 70127-50-3 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e70127-50-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e845-556-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00406515\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(=O)(CC2=CC=CC=C2O)C3=CC=CC=C3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C19H17O2P\/c20-19-14-8-7-9-16(19)15-22(21,17-10-3-1-4-11-17)18-12-5-2-6-13-18\/h1-14,20H,15H2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eNQWHOPCJTGVYOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e796918\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC19H17O2P\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e308.32 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e178 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to pale-yellow solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2931.49\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDenton's Mitsunobu catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e ((2-hydroxybenzyl)diphenylphosphine oxide; 2-[(diphenylphosphinoyl)methyl]phenol) is a bifunctional phenolic phosphine oxide organocatalyst for the redox-neutral catalytic Mitsunobu reaction. It combines a diphenylphosphine oxide with an ortho-phenol on a single benzyl scaffold, and is used in substoichiometric quantity to drive nucleophilic substitution of primary and secondary alcohols. Unlike the classical Mitsunobu reaction, which consumes stoichiometric triphenylphosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and generates phosphine oxide and hydrazine by-products, this catalyst operates without any change in oxidation state at phosphorus: the phosphorus remains in the pentavalent P(V) state throughout the cycle, water is the formal by-product, and no sacrificial oxidant or reductant is required. It is a bench-stable crystalline phosphine oxide that is easier to handle than trivalent phosphine reagents; for storage, keep cool, dry and tightly sealed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRedox-neutral catalytic Mitsunobu reaction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsed as a substoichiometric organocatalyst, this phosphine oxide promotes the dehydrative coupling of an alcohol with an acidic pronucleophile. In each turnover the catalyst is activated by reaction with the acidic pronucleophile and undergoes intramolecular dehydration and cyclisation involving the ortho-phenol to form a cyclic oxyphosphonium intermediate; this species activates the alcohol toward nucleophilic substitution, the product is released, and the phosphine oxide catalyst is regenerated. Because phosphorus is never reduced or oxidised, the process avoids the stoichiometric reagent consumption of the classical reaction and produces water as the formal by-product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStereospecific C–O and C–N bond formation, with demonstrated C–S extension\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe catalytic coupling accepts a range of acidic pronucleophiles for stereospecific construction of carbon–oxygen and carbon–nitrogen bonds from alcohol substrates. Carboxylic acids give esters, while suitable acidic N–H pronucleophiles, including sulfonimide\/sulfonamide-type examples, give the corresponding carbon–nitrogen coupled products. A carbon–sulfur example using thiobenzoic acid demonstrates that C–S coupling is also possible, although the original report described this extension as lower in efficiency than the main C–O and C–N manifolds. With many non-racemic secondary alcohols, substitution proceeds with inversion at the carbinol carbon, allowing access to inverted products with high stereochemical fidelity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctional-group tolerance and substrate scope\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe redox-neutral P(V) manifold tolerates primary and secondary alcohol substrates bearing functional groups that can be problematic in phosphine-redox chemistry, including alkyl bromide and azide substituents, which the original report identified as potentially problematic for catalytic P(III) redox-cycling strategies. Catalyst activation depends on a sufficiently acidic pronucleophile: strongly acidic partners such as electron-poor benzoic acids drive the initial dehydration efficiently, whereas weakly acidic carboxylic acids may activate the catalyst poorly. This profile, combined with the absence of stoichiometric phosphine and azodicarboxylate, makes the catalyst attractive for stereospecific alcohol substitution in complex substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtom-economical methodology and recyclable catalyst variants\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe redox-neutral manifold addresses a major limitation of the classical Mitsunobu reaction: stoichiometric phosphine and azodicarboxylate consumption and the associated waste burden. Because the phosphorus oxidation state remains fixed and water is the formal by-product, the approach is attractive for waste-minimised alcohol substitution. The original work demonstrated gram-scale inversion chemistry with recovery of catalyst and acid, and later work developed immobilised, recyclable versions of the catalyst.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling note\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a pentavalent phosphine oxide, the compound is considerably easier to handle than trivalent tertiary phosphines. Store cool and dry in a tightly sealed container, and minimise moisture exposure during use because the catalytic cycle involves hydrolysis-sensitive oxyphosphonium intermediates. In practice the reaction also requires continuous removal of the water formed, which both drives turnover and protects these intermediates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53819096138065,"sku":"NOR-70127503-1g","price":24.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53819096170833,"sku":"NOR-70127503-2g","price":34.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53819096203601,"sku":"NOR-70127503-5g","price":47.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53819096236369,"sku":"NOR-70127503-10g","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53819096269137,"sku":"NOR-70127503-25g","price":129.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":53832684175697,"sku":"NOR-70127503-50g","price":243.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":53832684208465,"sku":"NOR-70127503-100g","price":449.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Denton_scatalyst_v2.png?v=1782873147"},{"product_id":"bismuth-iii-trifluoromethanesulfonate-cas-88189-03-1","title":"Bismuth(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate | CAS 88189-03-1 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e88189-03-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e628-926-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD02093669\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[O-].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[O-].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Bi+3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3CHF3O3S.Bi\/c3*2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7;\/h3*(H,5,6,7);\/q;;;+3\/p-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eNYENCOMLZDQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-K\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e9917655\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₃BiF₉O₉S₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e656.2 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e\u0026gt;300 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. Reacts with alcohols and amines, and reacts reversibly with water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to off-white powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2904.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eHygroscopic. Store in a tightly closed container, protected from moisture.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBismuth(III) triflate\u003c\/strong\u003e, Bi(OTf)3, is a water-tolerant Lewis acid: three bulky, strongly electron-withdrawing triflate groups on one bismuth centre induce a high positive charge on the metal. It replaces corrosive triflic acid in the same reactions, and its low toxicity is the feature supporting its use over tin and lanthanide triflates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe active species is debated. A low concentration of triflic acid, formed on hydrolysis, may be the true catalyst — reaction with any water present gives triflic acid and bismuth oxide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFriedel–Crafts acylation and sulfonylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e acylates and sulfonylates arenes in place of stoichiometric triflic acid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcylation of alcohols:\u003c\/strong\u003e acylates sterically demanding, tertiary, acid-labile and base-labile alcohols. Less reactive anhydrides — benzoic, pivalic — work under the same conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcetal chemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e catalyses both formation and deprotection of acetals, and the formation of acylals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTHP protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e forms tetrahydropyranyl ethers solvent-free, and removes them; the tetrahydrate operates at 0.1–1.0 mol% for both directions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEpoxide chemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e substituted anilines open epoxides on this catalyst, giving secondary or primary alcohols according to the oxirane substituent. Also catalyses epoxide rearrangement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCycloadditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Diels–Alder and aza-Diels–Alder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGlycosylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e with \u003cem\u003eN\u003c\/em\u003e-bromosuccinimide, activates thio- and selenoglycosides.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimits:\u003c\/strong\u003e insoluble in the usual glycosylation solvents, so cosolvents are needed and those affect diastereoselectivity. Ketones give poor yields under conditions that work for aldehydes and acetals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53845139652945,"sku":"NOR-88189031-1g","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53845139685713,"sku":"NOR-88189031-5g","price":94.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54518353953105,"sku":"NOR-88189031-10g","price":129.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Bi_OTf_3_v2.png?v=1782875924"},{"product_id":"bismuth-acetate-cas-22306-37-2","title":"Bismuth(III) Acetate (Bi(OAc)₃) | CAS 22306-37-2 | ≥99%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e22306-37-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e244-904-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00015629\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[Bi+3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3C2H4O2.Bi\/c3*1-2(3)4;\/h3*1H3,(H,3,4);\/q;;;+3\/p-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eWKLWZEWIYUTZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e31132\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₆H₉BiO₆\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e386.11 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eHydrolyzes in water\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥99%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to almost white powder to crystal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2915.29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBismuth acetate\u003c\/strong\u003e, Bi(OAc)3, is the bismuth(III) salt of acetic acid (C6H9BiO6, 386.11 g\/mol): a hygroscopic white to almost white powder that hydrolyses in water to insoluble basic bismuth acetate. Bismuth carboxylates have a particularly low toxicity, which is the feature supporting their use over the tin initiators employed for the same polymerisations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt works both as a catalyst in organic synthesis and as the bismuth source for oxide, sulfide and thin-film materials, going into solution in polar organic media — ethylene glycol, or as an oleic-acid complex — rather than in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtodeboronation:\u003c\/strong\u003e a safe, inexpensive and selective facilitator of sequential protodeboronation of di- and triborylated indoles; paired with iridium-catalysed borylation it opens access to diversely borylated indoles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLactide polymerisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e initiates ring-opening polymerisation of L-lactide in concentrated chlorobenzene solution to telechelic and star-shaped poly(L-lactide). Slightly less reactive than tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, and less toxic.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBismuth oxide nanoparticles:\u003c\/strong\u003e thermal decomposition in ethylene glycol with an oxidising agent gives Bi2O3 nanoparticles for X-ray contrast core-shell particles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBismuth sulfide nanostructures:\u003c\/strong\u003e the oleic-acid complex reacts with elemental sulfur to grow sheaf-like Bi2S3.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSemiconductor films:\u003c\/strong\u003e with thiourea it forms the spin-coating precursor solution for bismuth sulfide photoresistor films.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReference material:\u003c\/strong\u003e used as a bismuth-containing reference compound in solid-state 209Bi NMR studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":53845201289553,"sku":"NOR-22306372-1g","price":48.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":53845201355089,"sku":"NOR-22306372-5g","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53845201387857,"sku":"NOR-22306372-10g","price":129.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53845201420625,"sku":"NOR-22306372-25g","price":249.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54521367626065,"sku":"NOR-22306372-100g","price":349.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Bismuthacetate_v3.png?v=1782876550"},{"product_id":"r-me-cbs-catalyst-cas-112022-83-0","title":"(R)-Me-CBS Catalyst | CAS 112022-83-0 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e112022-83-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e601-151-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00078440\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eB1(N2CCC[C@@H]2C(O1)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C18H20BNO\/c1-19-20-14-8-13-17(20)18(21-19,15-9-4-2-5-10-15)16-11-6-3-7-12-16\/h2-7,9-12,17H,8,13-14H2,1H3\/t17-\/m1\/s1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eVMKAFJQFKBASMU-QGZVFWFLSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e9838490\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₈H₂₀BNO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e277.17 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e85-95 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in chloroform, toluene, THF, and dichloromethane; not water-soluble (air- and moisture-sensitive, reacts with water and protic solvents).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to Almost white powder to crystal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2934.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated (2–8 °C) under inert gas (N₂ or Ar) in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(R)-Me-CBS Catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called (R)-Corey's catalyst) is the chiral oxazaborolidine used in the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) reduction of ketones. Borane first coordinates to the catalyst's Lewis basic ring nitrogen, which enhances the Lewis acidity of the endocyclic boron atom that then activates the ketone for hydride transfer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnantiofacial selectivity in the reduction requires effective discrimination between the large and small substituents flanking the prochiral carbonyl carbon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSubstrate scope\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAryl alkyl ketones:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduces prochiral aryl alkyl ketones, exemplified by the acetophenone-to-1-phenylethanol reaction used as the standard benchmark for enantioselectivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eα,β-Ynones:\u003c\/strong\u003e Performs the first catalytic enantioselective reduction of α,β-ynones with catecholborane, giving propargylic alcohols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKeto oxime ethers (C=N):\u003c\/strong\u003e Converts keto oxime ethers to cyclic (1R,2S)-cis amino alcohols via oxazaborolidine\/borane catalysis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN-protected 2-amino-1-arylethanones:\u003c\/strong\u003e Asymmetric borane reduction with a borane\/N-ethyl-N-isopropylaniline hydride source gives chiral amino alcohol precursors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKeto acetals:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduced to chiral hydroxy acetals in up to 100% ee using BH3·PhNEt2 as the hydride source.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eMechanistic studies\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSteric kinetic isotope effects have been applied with the oxazaborolidine catalyst to quantitatively probe the steric interactions that govern stereoselection in the CBS reduction transition state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn one reported synthesis, a CBS-oxazaborolidine reduction gave a product whose enantiomeric excess was determined by chemical methods and whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53856087703889,"sku":"NOR-112022830-5g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53856087769425,"sku":"NOR-112022830-25g","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54262655713617,"sku":"NOR-112022830-100g","price":569.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/R-Me-CBS-catalyst.v2.png?v=1782880004"},{"product_id":"s-me-cbs-catalyst-cas-112022-81-8","title":"(S)-Me-CBS Catalyst | CAS 112022-81-8 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e112022-81-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e601-150-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00078439\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eB1(N2CCC[C@H]2C(O1)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C18H20BNO\/c1-19-20-14-8-13-17(20)18(21-19,15-9-4-2-5-10-15)16-11-6-3-7-12-16\/h2-7,9-12,17H,8,13-14H2,1H3\/t17-\/m0\/s1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eVMKAFJQFKBASMU-KRWDZBQOSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2734713\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₈H₂₀BNO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e277.2 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e74-87 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in common organic solvents; reacts with water and protic solvents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to Almost white powder to crystal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2934.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated (2–8 °C) under inert gas (N₂ or Ar) in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(S)-Me-CBS Catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called (S)-Corey’s catalyst) is the chiral oxazaborolidine used in the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) reduction of ketones. Borane first coordinates to the catalyst’s Lewis basic ring nitrogen, which enhances the Lewis acidity of the endocyclic boron atom that then activates the ketone for hydride transfer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnantiofacial selectivity in the reduction requires effective discrimination between the large and small substituents flanking the prochiral carbonyl carbon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSubstrate scope\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAryl alkyl ketones:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduces prochiral aryl alkyl ketones, exemplified by the acetophenone-to-1-phenylethanol reaction used as the standard benchmark for enantioselectivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eα,β-Ynones:\u003c\/strong\u003e Performs the first catalytic enantioselective reduction of α,β-ynones with catecholborane, giving propargylic alcohols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKeto oxime ethers (C=N):\u003c\/strong\u003e Converts keto oxime ethers to cyclic (1S,2R)-cis amino alcohols via oxazaborolidine\/borane catalysis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN-protected 2-amino-1-arylethanones:\u003c\/strong\u003e Asymmetric borane reduction with a borane\/N-ethyl-N-isopropylaniline hydride source gives chiral amino alcohol precursors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKeto acetals:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduced to chiral hydroxy acetals in up to 100% ee using BH3·PhNEt2 as the hydride source.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eMechanistic studies\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSteric kinetic isotope effects have been applied with the oxazaborolidine catalyst to quantitatively probe the steric interactions that govern stereoselection in the CBS reduction transition state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn one reported synthesis, a CBS-oxazaborolidine reduction gave a product whose enantiomeric excess was determined by chemical methods and whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53856244662609,"sku":"NOR-112022818-1g","price":64.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53856244728145,"sku":"NOR-112022818-5g","price":119.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53856244760913,"sku":"NOR-112022818-10g","price":184.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53856244793681,"sku":"NOR-112022818-25g","price":449.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54253400752465,"sku":"NOR-112022818-100g","price":698.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/S-Me-CBS-catalyst.v2.png?v=1782879980"},{"product_id":"n-hydroxyphthalimide-nhpi-cas-524-38-9-98","title":"N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) | CAS 524-38-9 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e524-38-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e208-358-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00005891\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eTI5200000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)N(C2=O)O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C8H5NO3\/c10-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)9(7)12\/h1-4,12H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCFMZSMGAMPBRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e10665\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₈H₅NO₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e163.13 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e233 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSlightly soluble in water; soluble in polar organic solvents (DMF, DMSO, acetonitrile, ethanol, acetic acid).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite crystalline solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2925.19\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)\u003c\/strong\u003e is polar and poorly soluble in non-polar media, so oxidation protocols generally use polar co-solvents; the phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical derived from it self-decomposes by a first-order path that becomes significant above 80 °C, favouring low-temperature activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic basis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNHPI supports three distinct roles, each rooted in its N–OH group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) catalyst, NHPI is oxidised in situ to PINO, whose generation from NHPI under O₂ was confirmed by ESR in 1995. PINO abstracts a hydrogen atom from an activated C–H bond, regenerating NHPI and forming a carbon radical; that radical adds O₂ to give a peroxyl radical, which a second NHPI molecule traps to yield a hydroperoxide and a fresh PINO. The O–H bond dissociation enthalpy (ΔH) of NHPI is 88.1 kcal\/mol in acetonitrile — about 18 kcal\/mol above that of TEMPO–H — placing hydrogen abstraction by PINO near thermoneutrality for many substrates. PINO abstracts hydrogen faster than a generic peroxyl radical owing to its greater electrophilic character, and NHPI re-traps peroxyl radicals with a rate constant of 7.2 × 10³ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, sustaining the chain. PINO is also generated electrochemically, its base-promoted formation proceeding by multiple-site concerted proton–electron transfer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a radical precursor, NHPI is esterified with a carboxylic acid to give a redox-active N-acyloxyphthalimide ester; single-electron reduction expels CO₂ and phthalimide to release an alkyl radical, converting the acid into an alkyl-halide surrogate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a hydroxylamine synthon, the acidic N–OH is O-alkylated — by the Mitsunobu reaction or an alkyl halide with base — to N-alkoxyphthalimides, which are cleaved by hydrazinolysis or aminolysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAerobic C–H oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e With O₂ and an initiator or metal co-catalyst (Mn, Co, Cu, V, Fe), NHPI oxidises alkanes, alkylaromatics, alcohols, ethers, amines, amides, and silanes, and — via an in-situ peracid from an aldehyde\/O₂ system — epoxidises alkenes. Industrial examples include adamantane to adamantanols, cyclohexane to adipic acid, and cumene and cyclohexylbenzene to hydroperoxides en route to phenol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetal-free and photochemical oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e PINO can be generated without metal salts — via aldehydes, quinones, or photochemical initiation — enabling oxidation under milder conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eC(sp³)–N bond formation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Under PINO-mediated HAT, activated C–H bonds react with dialkyl azodicarboxylates to give hydrazine derivatives.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDecarboxylative C–C coupling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Redox-active NHPI esters couple with organozinc or organomagnesium reagents under nickel or iron catalysis, and with boronic acids or aryl and heteroaryl halides under nickel catalysis, building C(sp³)–C(sp²) bonds directly from alkyl carboxylic acids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDecarboxylative borylation.\u003c\/strong\u003e The same esters convert carboxylic acids to alkyl boronate esters — and thence boronic acids — under nickel, copper, or photochemical conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGiese addition and Barton reduction.\u003c\/strong\u003e Nickel-catalysed fragmentation of the esters traps the alkyl radical with an electron-deficient olefin (Giese conjugate addition) or a hydrogen-atom donor such as PhSiH₃ (Barton-type reductive decarboxylation).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eO-Alkylhydroxylamine synthesis.\u003c\/strong\u003e The route delivers primary and secondary O-alkylhydroxylamines — aminooxy building blocks and precursors to oxime ethers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"50 g","offer_id":54203321024849,"sku":"NOR-524389-50g","price":27.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54203321057617,"sku":"NOR-524389-100g","price":43.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":54203321090385,"sku":"NOR-524389-250g","price":59.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":54203321123153,"sku":"NOR-524389-500g","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg","offer_id":54203321155921,"sku":"NOR-524389-1000g","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NHPI-small.png?v=1782881375"},{"product_id":"schreiners-thiourea-catalyst-cas-1060-92-0","title":"Schreiner’s Thiourea Catalyst | CAS 1060-92-0 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1060-92-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e110-027-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00829878\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=C(C=C(C=C1C(F)(F)F)NC(=S)NC2=CC(=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C17H8F12N2S\/c18-14(19,20)7-1-8(15(21,22)23)4-11(3-7)30-13(32)31-12-5-9(16(24,25)26)2-10(6-12)17(27,28)29\/h1-6H,(H2,30,31,32)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eRWXWQJYJWJNJNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2803772\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₇H₈F₁₂N₂S\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e500.3 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e180-181 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMSO, and toluene; insoluble in water and hexane.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to light yellow crystalline solid powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2930.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchreiner's Thiourea Catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e (N,N′-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea) is an achiral hydrogen-bond-donor organocatalyst. It is a bench-stable solid, soluble in methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, toluene, and DMSO, and insoluble in water and hexane. Being achiral, it accelerates and activates reactions rather than inducing enantioselectivity; the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl motif it introduced is now the standard building block of chiral (thio)urea catalysts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic basis.\u003c\/strong\u003e The two thiourea N–H bonds donate a pair of hydrogen bonds simultaneously (bidentate donation) to a Lewis-basic acceptor — a carbonyl, imine, nitro group, or nitrone — activating the electrophile and stabilising the negative charge (oxyanion) that develops in the transition state; the catalyst thereby behaves like a Lewis acid without a metal. Two structural features make it effective. The electron-withdrawing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups raise the acidity of the N–H bonds — the pKa in DMSO is about 8.5, the most acidic among common thiourea organocatalysts — strengthening the hydrogen bonds. An intramolecular contact between the aryl ortho-hydrogens and the thiocarbonyl sulfur rigidifies the molecule, lowering the entropic penalty of binding a substrate. Thiourea is preferred over the urea analogue for its greater solubility and weaker self-association.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCycloadditions.\u003c\/strong\u003e Activates dienophiles such as N-acyloxazolidinones for Diels–Alder reactions and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, with catalytic activity retained in water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcetalization and hydroxyl protection.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catalyses acid-free acetalization of aldehydes and ketones and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols, tolerating acid-sensitive substrates (aldol products, silyl ethers, cyanohydrins); the pyranylation reaches turnover numbers up to 100,000 and frequencies up to 5700 h⁻¹ at loadings as low as 0.001 mol%, operating by hydrogen-bond-assisted heterolysis and oxyanion-hole stabilisation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFriedel–Crafts alkylation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Promotes conjugate addition of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes (anilines, pyrroles, indoles) to nitroolefins, forming C–C bonds under mild, metal-free conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCyanation and Strecker reactions.\u003c\/strong\u003e Activates aldimines and nitrones toward cyanide sources (TMSCN, acetyl cyanide), giving α-amino nitriles and N-hydroxylamines, including three-component acyl-Strecker variants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomimetic reduction.\u003c\/strong\u003e With a Hantzsch ester as hydride source, catalyses transfer hydrogenation of aldimines to secondary amines and reduction of conjugated nitroolefins to nitroalkanes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSulfide oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Activates tert-butyl hydroperoxide for chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEpoxide ring-opening.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catalyses opening of epoxides by nucleophiles, with the largest rate accelerations in water — up to 200-fold faster than in dichloromethane.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlternative activation mode.\u003c\/strong\u003e Beyond hydrogen-bond donation, the thiocarbonyl sulfur can act as a Lewis base — for instance in the N-bromosuccinimide-mediated oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53913806733649,"sku":"NOR-1060920-100mg","price":27.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53913806766417,"sku":"NOR-1060920-250mg","price":49.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53913806831953,"sku":"NOR-1060920-1g","price":84.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53913806864721,"sku":"NOR-1060920-2g","price":149.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53913806897489,"sku":"NOR-1060920-5g","price":289.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54203482210641,"sku":"NOR-1060920-10g","price":498.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_SchreinerThiourea_v2.png?v=1782881575"},{"product_id":"ir-df-cf3-ppy2-dtbbpy-pf6-cas-870987-63-6","title":"[Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)]PF6 | CAS 870987-63-6 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e870987-63-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e811-445-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD27952556\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NC=C1)C2=NC=CC(=C2)C(C)(C)C.C1=CC(=NC=C1C(F)(F)F)C2=C(C=C(C=[C-]2)F)F.C1=CC(=NC=C1C(F)(F)F)C2=C(C=C(C=[C-]2)F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.[Ir+3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C18H24N2.2C12H5F5N.F6P.Ir\/c1-17(2,3)13-7-9-19-15(11-13)16-12-14(8-10-20-16)18(4,5)6;2*13-8-2-3-9(10(14)5-8)11-4-1-7(6-18-11)12(15,16)17;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;\/h7-12H,1-6H3;2*1-2,4-6H;;\/q;3*-1;+3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eXFAXYKCDJPDUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e53260182\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₄₂H₃₄F₁₆IrN₄P\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1121.91 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e\u0026gt;300 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in polar organic solvents — dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO — and poorly soluble in non-polar solvents (hexane, toluene, diethyl ether) and water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLight yellow to yellow crystalline solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated at 2–8 °C; protect from light; protect from heat.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIr[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cationic, heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complex: two 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine ligands and one 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand surround the metal, with hexafluorophosphate as counter-ion. The electron-withdrawing fluorine and trifluoromethyl substituents lower the metal-centred orbitals, so that, unlike the electron-rich tris-cyclometalated and non-fluorinated heteroleptic congeners, the excited state is a strong single-electron oxidant. Photoexcitation populates a long-lived triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state; in acetonitrile at room temperature the excitation maximum is 380 nm, the emission maximum is 470 nm, and the lifetime is 2300 ns (2.3 µs). The redox potentials (acetonitrile, versus SCE) place the ground-state Ir(IV)\/Ir(III) couple at +1.69 V and the Ir(III)\/Ir(II) couple at −1.37 V, while the excited state combines a mild reducing potential of −0.89 V (M+\/M*) with a powerful oxidising potential of +1.21 V (M*\/M−). This strongly oxidising excited state is the defining feature. The complex also carries an excited-state triplet energy of 61 kcal\/mol, close to the ~60 kcal\/mol triplet energy of styrenes, which lets it act as a triplet-energy-transfer sensitiser as well as an electron-transfer catalyst.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a visible-light photocatalyst Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6 is exploited along both redox channels of its excited state and the energy-transfer manifold:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePMB ether deprotection (reducing channel)\u003c\/strong\u003e — the excited state (−0.89 V vs SCE) donates an electron to bromotrichloromethane, which is thereby reduced and serves as the stoichiometric oxidant, deprotecting para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) ethers as a mild alternative to oxidative or acidic conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy-transfer [2+2] cycloaddition\u003c\/strong\u003e — its 61 kcal\/mol triplet energy sensitises cyclisation: where a radical-cation pathway would deliver a [4+2] adduct from a styrene, energy transfer instead gives the cyclobutane as the exclusive product, switching the reaction outcome.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNickel metallaphotoredox cross-coupling (oxidising channel)\u003c\/strong\u003e — its +1.21 V oxidising excited state, paired with a supersilanol reagent, single-electron oxidises the derived silanolate to a silyl radical that abstracts halogen atoms, enabling C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-electrophile coupling of aliphatic bromides, including the union of two secondary carbon centres. The long excited-state lifetime and high oxidation potential make it a standard photocatalyst for such dual photoredox\/nickel cross-coupling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"50 mg","offer_id":54356726481233,"sku":"NOR-870987636-50mg","price":59.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53913947865425,"sku":"NOR-870987636-100mg","price":74.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53913947898193,"sku":"NOR-870987636-250mg","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":53913947963729,"sku":"NOR-870987636-1g","price":579.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":53913947996497,"sku":"NOR-870987636-5g","price":2549.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica__Ir_dF_CF3_ppy_2_dtbbpy_PF6_v3.png?v=1782890364"},{"product_id":"ir-ppy3-cas-94928-86-6","title":"Ir(ppy)3 | CAS 94928-86-6 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e94928-86-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e635-640-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD12022527\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.[Ir+3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3C11H8N.Ir\/c3*1-2-6-10(7-3-1)11-8-4-5-9-12-11;\/h3*1-6,8-9H;\/q3*-1;+3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eNSABRUJKERBGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e11388194\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₃₃H₂₄IrN₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e654.8 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e328 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in acetonitrile, THF, ethyl acetate, and DMF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLight yellow to brown powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated at 2–8 °C; protect from light; protect from heat.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efac-Ir(ppy)3\u003c\/strong\u003e is a neutral, homoleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complex: three 2-phenylpyridine ligands bind the metal through carbon and nitrogen in the facial geometry. The three strongly electron-donating cyclometalating ligands raise the metal-centred orbitals and make the complex a powerful photoreductant. Photoexcitation populates a triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state that phosphoresces green, with an emission maximum of 494 nm in a 1:1 ethanol\/methanol glass at 77 K. In acetonitrile at room temperature the excited state is long-lived, with a lifetime of 1900 ns. The redox potentials (acetonitrile, versus SCE) place the ground-state Ir(IV)\/Ir(III) couple at +0.77 V and the Ir(III)\/Ir(II) couple at −2.19 V; the excited state is a strong reductant at −1.73 V (M+\/M*) and a mild oxidant at +0.31 V (M*\/M−). The very negative excited-state reduction potential is the defining feature: photoexcited *Ir(ppy)3 reduces substrates directly at E1\/2(IV\/*III) = −1.73 V versus SCE, a more strongly reducing excited state than the heteroleptic cationic catalysts of this family reach.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a visible-light photoredox catalyst fac-Ir(ppy)3 operates at loadings near or below 1 mol%, and it also serves as a phosphorescent OLED emitter:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOLED green dopant\u003c\/strong\u003e — a phosphorescent green emitter used as a dopant in organic light-emitting diodes; the roughly spherical facial complex adopts an isotropic transition-dipole orientation in vacuum-deposited host films.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReductive dehalogenation\u003c\/strong\u003e — reduces alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl iodides that are otherwise difficult to reduce, using a tributylamine\/Hantzsch ester or formic acid reductant system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnantioselective α-benzylation of aldehydes\u003c\/strong\u003e — paired with an imidazolidinone organocatalyst, the reducing excited state converts electron-deficient benzyl halides to benzyl radicals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAtom-transfer radical addition\u003c\/strong\u003e — adds trifluoromethylated tertiary bromides to aliphatic alkenes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical dearomative cyclisation\u003c\/strong\u003e — at loadings as low as 0.1 mol%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDifluoroacetylation\/cyclisation\u003c\/strong\u003e — converts chromone-tethered alkenes to tetrahydroxanthones in yields up to 85%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical difunctionalisation of alkenyl ketones\u003c\/strong\u003e — to tetralones and cyclopropanes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTriplet-energy-transfer photosensitisation\u003c\/strong\u003e — beyond single-electron transfer, for example in a cobaloxime-coupled synthesis of phenanthrenols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCO2-to-CO photoreduction\u003c\/strong\u003e — as a visible-light photosensitiser with an earth-abundant nickel carbene catalyst, driving selective reduction of CO2 to CO with turnover numbers reaching 98,000; with N-heterocyclic-carbene gold catalysts it sustains CO2-to-CO photoreduction for over 100 hours.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOxygen-tolerant aqueous photoredox\u003c\/strong\u003e — within micellar nanoparticles it drives photoredox catalysis in aerated aqueous solution under visible light near 500 nm, activating nitroso precursors to release nitric oxide.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"50 mg","offer_id":54356467843409,"sku":"NOR-94928866-50mg","price":64.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53916439937361,"sku":"NOR-94928866-100mg","price":109.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53916439970129,"sku":"NOR-94928866-250mg","price":243.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53916440002897,"sku":"NOR-94928866-1g","price":949.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Ir_ppy_3_v2.png?v=1782890680"},{"product_id":"ir-dtbbpy-ppy2-pf6-cas-676525-77-2","title":"[Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6 | CAS 676525-77-2 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e676525-77-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e811-051-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD27952560\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NC=C1)C2=NC=CC(=C2)C(C)(C)C.C1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.[Ir+3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C18H24N2.2C11H8N.F6P.Ir\/c1-17(2,3)13-7-9-19-15(11-13)16-12-14(8-10-20-16)18(4,5)6;2*1-2-6-10(7-3-1)11-8-4-5-9-12-11;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;\/h7-12H,1-6H3;2*1-6,8-9H;;\/q;3*-1;+3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eVCIVELSSYHAWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e60146995\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₄₀H₄₀F₆IrN₄P\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e914.0 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLight yellow to Yellow to Orange powder to crystal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated at 2–8 °C; protect from light; protect from heat.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhotoexcitation of this heteroleptic cationic Ir(III) complex populates a triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) state, a stronger single-electron oxidant and reductant than the ground state. In acetonitrile at room temperature it emits at 581 nm with an excited-state lifetime of 557 ns, and its potentials versus the saturated calomel electrode place the ground-state Ir(IV)\/Ir(III) couple at +1.21 V and the Ir(III)\/Ir(II) couple at −1.51 V; on excitation it acts as an oxidant at +0.66 V (M*\/M−) and as a reductant at −0.96 V (M+\/M*). The unsubstituted 2-phenylpyridine ligands distinguish it from Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)+, which carries the same bipyridine but whose fluorinated cyclometalating ligands make its excited state a much stronger oxidant, at +1.21 V (M*\/M−).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommon Scientific Applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVisible-light photoredox catalysis.\u003c\/strong\u003e Operates at loadings of about 1 mol% or below.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical cyclisation.\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ir(II) state, generated by reductive quenching, is reducing enough at −1.51 V to reduce trifluoromethyl iodide (E½red = −1.22 V) and release the trifluoromethyl radical, driving cyclisations of α-bromocarbonyls to five- and six-membered rings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eα-Amino radical addition.\u003c\/strong\u003e The photoexcited complex oxidises \u003cem\u003eN\u003c\/em\u003e-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline to its radical cation, initiating additions to Michael acceptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCycloaddition and allylation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catalyses tandem ring-opening\/allylation and crossed intermolecular [2+2] cycloadditions of enones.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhite-phosphorus arylation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Arylates P4 and PH3 to triarylphosphines or tetraarylphosphonium salts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53916585034065,"sku":"NOR-676525772-100mg","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53916585066833,"sku":"NOR-676525772-250mg","price":169.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53916585099601,"sku":"NOR-676525772-1g","price":698.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53916585132369,"sku":"NOR-676525772-5g","price":2699.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica__Ir_dtbbpy_ppy_2_PF6_v2.png?v=1782891294"},{"product_id":"mes-acr-me-bf4-cas-1442433-71-7","title":"Mes-Acr-Me BF4 | CAS 1442433-71-7 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1442433-71-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e808-953-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD28411690\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[B-](F)(F)(F)F.CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)C2=C3C=CC=CC3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C42)C)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C23H22N.BF4\/c1-15-13-16(2)22(17(3)14-15)23-18-9-5-7-11-20(18)24(4)21-12-8-6-10-19(21)23;2-1(3,4)5\/h5-14H,1-4H3;\/q+1;-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eKKMWMXQQOIIJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e71816562\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₂₃H₂₂BF₄N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e399.23 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSolid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eTightly closed. Dry. Hygroscopic. Store under inert gas.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium tetrafluoroborate\u003c\/strong\u003e (Acr+-Mes) is an organic photoredox catalyst, originally developed as a model of the photosynthetic reaction centre to mimic the long lifetime of its charge-separated state. Acridinium derivatives have extended conjugated systems and absorb light in the visible region. Its oxidation potential of +2.18 V versus SCE makes it one of the most oxidising organophotocatalysts. Photoexcitation gives an electron-transfer state (Acr•-Mes•+) of 2.37 eV, formed in close to unit quantum yield (98%), with a virtually infinite lifetime at 77 K. In 2004 Fukuzumi introduced the mesityl group at the C9 position, increasing stability by blocking nucleophile and radical addition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe catalyst oxidises arenes by single-electron transfer to the corresponding radical cations. \u003c\/strong\u003eIt drives the intramolecular hydroetherification of alkenols, the intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes and the anti-Markovnikov hydroazidation of activated olefins. With a disulfide it achieves the decarboxylative reduction of amino acids and hydroxy acids. It generates carbon-centred radicals from allylic and benzylic C–H bonds for Giese reactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53917958144337,"sku":"NOR-1442433717-100mg","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53917958177105,"sku":"NOR-1442433717-250mg","price":149.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53917958209873,"sku":"NOR-1442433717-500mg","price":249.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53917958242641,"sku":"NOR-1442433717-1g","price":369.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53917958275409,"sku":"NOR-1442433717-2g","price":698.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53917958308177,"sku":"NOR-1442433717-5g","price":1449.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Mes-Acr-Me_BF4.png?v=1782683886"},{"product_id":"mes-tbu-acr-bf4-photocatalyst-cas-1810004-87-5","title":"Mes-tBu-Acr-BF₄ | CAS 1810004-87-5 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1810004-87-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e969-539-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD31381908\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[B-](F)(F)(F)F.CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)C2=C3C=CC(=CC3=[N+](C4=C2C=CC(=C4)C(C)(C)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)C(C)(C)C)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C36H40N.BF4\/c1-23-19-24(2)33(25(3)20-23)34-29-17-15-26(35(4,5)6)21-31(29)37(28-13-11-10-12-14-28)32-22-27(36(7,8)9)16-18-30(32)34;2-1(3,4)5\/h10-22H,1-9H3;\/q+1;-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eYUNSHKYOOCWQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e131801538\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₃₆H₄₀BF₄N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e573.5 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e277 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003esolid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eTightly closed. Dry. Hygroscopic. Store under inert gas.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcridinium salts \u003c\/strong\u003eare metal-free organic photocatalysts for visible-light photoredox catalysis, and a sustainable alternative to the ruthenium and iridium polypyridyl complexes conventionally used for the same transformations. In the excited state the acridinium ion is among the most strongly oxidising organic photocatalysts available, with excited-state potentials frequently exceeding +2.0 V versus SCE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe archetype is Fukuzumi’s 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion, \u003c\/strong\u003ewhose orthogonal design pairs a 9-mesityl electron donor with an acridinium electron acceptor to give a long-lived charge-transfer state on photoexcitation. Early acridiniums degraded by nucleophilic attack; an N-aryl substituent on the acridinium nitrogen, in place of N-alkyl, improves chemical stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOn absorbing a visible photon these catalysts initiate radical cascades \u003c\/strong\u003eby single-electron transfer, driving anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalisation of alkenes and C–H functionalisations including Giese and Minisci reactions. They oxidise benzylic alcohols under oxygen by converting the arene to its radical cation, and construct C–N bonds from primary amines by direct C–H functionalisation of arenes under aerobic conditions. \u003cstrong\u003e9-Mesityl-10-phenylacridinium tetrafluoroborate\u003c\/strong\u003e is the N-phenyl member of that N-aryl series.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e 3,6-Di-tert-butyl-9-mesityl-10-phenylacridinium tetrafluoroborate is the compound most papers mean by \"Mes-Acr⁺\". It is distinct from 9-mesityl-10-phenylacridinium tetrafluoroborate (CAS 1621019-96-2) and from Fukuzumi's 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium tetrafluoroborate (CAS 1442433-71-7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53918224613713,"sku":"NOR-1810004875-100mg","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53918224646481,"sku":"NOR-1810004875-250mg","price":198.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53918224679249,"sku":"NOR-1810004875-500mg","price":369.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53918224712017,"sku":"NOR-1810004875-1g","price":679.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.5 g","offer_id":53918224744785,"sku":"NOR-1810004875-2g","price":1229.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Mes-tBu-Acr-BF__v2_44c016e4-a4d3-45d5-b348-a0205d47c9f5.png?v=1782896816"},{"product_id":"9-mesityl-10-phenylacridinium-bf4-cas-1621019-96-2","title":"9-Mesityl-10-phenylacridinium BF4 | CAS 1621019-96-2 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1621019-96-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e958-865-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD28411687\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[B-](F)(F)(F)F.CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)C2=C3C=CC=CC3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C42)C5=CC=CC=C5)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C28H24N.BF4\/c1-19-17-20(2)27(21(3)18-19)28-23-13-7-9-15-25(23)29(22-11-5-4-6-12-22)26-16-10-8-14-24(26)28;2-1(3,4)5\/h4-18H,1-3H3;\/q+1;-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eLGNMSOXRNBFBGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e74766000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₂₈H₂₄BF₄N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e461.3 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e\u0026gt;200 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSolid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eTightly closed. Dry. Hygroscopic. Store under inert gas.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcridinium salts \u003c\/strong\u003eare metal-free organic photocatalysts for visible-light photoredox catalysis, and a sustainable alternative to the ruthenium and iridium polypyridyl complexes conventionally used for the same transformations. In the excited state the acridinium ion is among the most strongly oxidising organic photocatalysts available, with excited-state potentials frequently exceeding +2.0 V versus SCE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe archetype is Fukuzumi’s 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion, \u003c\/strong\u003ewhose orthogonal design pairs a 9-mesityl electron donor with an acridinium electron acceptor to give a long-lived charge-transfer state on photoexcitation. Early acridiniums degraded by nucleophilic attack; an N-aryl substituent on the acridinium nitrogen, in place of N-alkyl, improves chemical stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOn absorbing a visible photon these catalysts initiate radical cascades \u003c\/strong\u003eby single-electron transfer, driving anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalisation of alkenes and C–H functionalisations including Giese and Minisci reactions. They oxidise benzylic alcohols under oxygen by converting the arene to its radical cation, and construct C–N bonds from primary amines by direct C–H functionalisation of arenes under aerobic conditions. \u003cstrong\u003e9-Mesityl-10-phenylacridinium tetrafluoroborate\u003c\/strong\u003e is the N-phenyl member of that N-aryl series.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53918193844561,"sku":"NOR-1621019962-100mg","price":34.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53918193877329,"sku":"NOR-1621019962-250mg","price":47.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53918193910097,"sku":"NOR-1621019962-500mg","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53918193942865,"sku":"NOR-1621019962-1g","price":139.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53918193975633,"sku":"NOR-1621019962-2g","price":269.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53918194008401,"sku":"NOR-1621019962-5g","price":649.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_9-Mesityl-10-phenylacridinium_BF4.png?v=1782683886"},{"product_id":"246-triphenylpyrylium-tetrafluoroborate-cas-448-61-3","title":"2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate | CAS 448-61-3 | ≥95%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e448-61-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e207-186-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00012001\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eUZ1370000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[B-](F)(F)(F)F.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=[O+]C(=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C23H17O.BF4\/c1-4-10-18(11-5-1)21-16-22(19-12-6-2-7-13-19)24-23(17-21)20-14-8-3-9-15-20;2-1(3,4)5\/h1-17H;\/q+1;-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eVQYPWMWEJGDSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e9930615\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₂₃H₁₇BF₄O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e396.2 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e250-251 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether. Soluble in trifluoroacetic acid.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eDark yellow solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2932.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMoisture Sensitive. Store away from oxidizing agents, water\/moisture. Store under inert gas. Keep the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate\u003c\/strong\u003e, the tetrafluoroborate salt of the 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium ion (TP+), is a pyrylium salt used as a sensitiser for photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) reactions. It absorbs visible light, with a maximum at 417 nm and an absorption onset near 475 nm. Both its singlet and triplet excited states are very strong oxidising agents, with excited-state oxidation potentials estimated at 2.5 V and 2.0 V respectively. A small singlet–triplet energy gap of 11 kcal mol−1 makes it a poor singlet-oxygen sensitiser. Because the pyrylium cation becomes neutral upon electron abstraction, the Coulombic attraction that usually promotes charge recombination is absent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn photochemical excitation it converts electron-rich alkenes into radical cations that act as electron-poor dienophiles, enabling Diels–Alder cycloadditions through an electron-transfer chain mechanism. It photocatalyses the ring-opening of epoxyketones to give diastereomeric hydroxyester products. As an electron acceptor it forms a radical cation from an azoalkane, redirecting the photoreaction toward a rearranged product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt condenses with amino acids to give pyridinium salts that serve as substrates for a downstream ring-expansion protocol. Immobilised versions of the sensitiser have been developed, allowing its recovery and reuse. The triphenylpyrylium core shows room-temperature phosphorescence, allowing its use as a sensor for cucurbit[8]uril.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53925436195153,"sku":"NOR-448613-500mg","price":29.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53925436227921,"sku":"NOR-448613-1g","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53925436260689,"sku":"NOR-448613-2g","price":54.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":54334997135697,"sku":"NOR-448613-5g","price":84.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54334997168465,"sku":"NOR-448613-10g","price":159.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54334997201233,"sku":"NOR-448613-25g","price":279.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":54334997234001,"sku":"NOR-448613-50g","price":498.4,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54334997266769,"sku":"NOR-448613-100g","price":849.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_2_4_6-Triphenylpyryliumtetrafluoroborate_v2.png?v=1782898892"},{"product_id":"ironii-chloride-cas-7758-94-3","title":"Iron(II) chloride  | CAS 7758-94-3 | ≥99%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e7758-94-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e231-843-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00011004\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eNO5400000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCl[Fe]Cl\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/2ClH.Fe\/h2*1H;\/q;;+2\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eNMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e24458\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eCl₂Fe\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e126.75 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e677 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eHighly soluble in water. Soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran. Insoluble in diethyl ether.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥99%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eOff-white to pale brown powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2827.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore under inert atmosphere in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place. Hygroscopic and air-sensitive.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron(II) chloride\u003c\/strong\u003e (ferrous chloride), the anhydrous salt FeCl₂, is an inexpensive, high-spin iron(II) reagent and a general precursor to iron complexes and catalysts. Iron is redox-versatile: the iron(II) and iron(III) states interconvert readily, and the labile iron(II) coordination sphere binds nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon donors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolid-state structure and magnetism.\u003c\/strong\u003e Anhydrous iron(II) chloride adopts the rhombohedral CdCl₂ structure: edge-sharing FeCl₆ octahedra form triangular nets, stacked as layers separated by van der Waals gaps between the chloride anions. It is an antiferromagnet with stronger ferromagnetic coupling within each layer, so an applied magnetic field drives a metamagnetic transition near 11 kOe, and the ordered moment is 4.5 μB. Under pressure the lattice converts to the CdI₂ structure near 0.6 GPa; further compression quenches the orbital moment and drives an insulator–metal transition. The layers can be exfoliated toward monolayers, of interest for two-dimensional magnetism and van der Waals heterostructures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron-catalysed carbon–carbon bond formation.\u003c\/strong\u003e With a supporting bisphosphine such as SciOPP, iron(II) chloride is a precatalyst for Kumada-type cross-coupling of alkyl halides with Grignard reagents. Iron salts are inexpensive, low-toxicity alternatives to precious-metal catalysts for carbon–carbon bond formation. The active species depends on the nucleophile: methyl Grignards generate iron-ate complexes, and a \"super-ate\" forms on reaction of iron(II) chloride with excess methyllithium; Grignard reagents bearing two or more carbons instead give highly reduced iron clusters of formal composition [Fe(MgX)₂]ₙ in situ.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron-catalysed C–H amination.\u003c\/strong\u003e As a commercially available iron(II) salt, iron(II) chloride is a first-choice amination catalyst; paired with terpyridine it aminates the formyl C–H bond of aldehydes. Iron nitrene intermediates generated from organic azides build nitrogen heterocycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFenton oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Iron(II) reduces hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals, the Fenton reaction, and is oxidised to iron(III). Hydroxyl radical production from inorganic iron(II) is well established at acidic pH; at circumneutral pH the iron must be complexed. The reaction is exploited in water treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrecursor to organoiron compounds.\u003c\/strong\u003e Reaction of iron(II) chloride with sodium cyclopentadienide in tetrahydrofuran gives the metallocene ferrocene in 67–73% yield, and up to 90% under optimised conditions, the classic Wilkinson preparation. Ferric chloride may substitute directly, at lower yield, because sodium cyclopentadienide reduces iron(III) to iron(II). With phosphine, terpyridine or cyclopentadienyl ligands, iron(II) chloride is the general entry to defined iron(II) precatalysts and organoiron complexes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU, UK \u0026amp; EFTA countries only: Priority delivery, 3–5 business days. Classified as dangerous goods — shipping restrictions apply outside the EU\/UK.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54214350504273,"sku":"NOR-7758943-5g","price":94.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54214350537041,"sku":"NOR-7758943-10g","price":189.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54214350569809,"sku":"NOR-7758943-25g","price":289.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_FeCl2_v2.png?v=1782963847"},{"product_id":"246-tri-p-tolylpyrylium-tetrafluoroborate-cas-2713-21-5","title":"2,4,6-Tri-p-tolylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate | CAS 2713-21-5 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2713-21-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00972530\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[B-](F)(F)(F)F.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=[O+]C(=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C26H23O.BF4\/c1-18-4-10-21(11-5-18)24-16-25(22-12-6-19(2)7-13-22)27-26(17-24)23-14-8-20(3)9-15-23;2-1(3,4)5\/h4-17H,1-3H3;\/q+1;-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eBWOXOWBZXLPNEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e13902521\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₂₆H₂₃BF₄O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e438.26 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e298-303 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and DMSO. Sensitive to hydrolysis in water and basic media.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eYellow crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2932.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore at 2–8 °C in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2,4,6-Tri-p-tolylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate\u003c\/strong\u003e is a triarylpyrylium salt: a cationic, metal-free organic photoredox catalyst carrying a tetrafluoroborate counterion. It functions as a single-electron photooxidant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotoredox mechanism.\u003c\/strong\u003e Visible light excites the pyrylium to a strong excited-state oxidant; triarylpyrylium salts reach excited-state reduction potentials above +1.7 V versus SCE. The excited catalyst removes one electron from an electron-rich substrate, generating a substrate radical cation and a neutral pyranyl radical. A single-electron transfer then regenerates the pyrylium, either from the pyranyl radical or from a further substrate molecule in a chain. Triarylpyrylium salts do not readily sensitise singlet oxygen, so reactivity proceeds through the substrate radical cation rather than an oxygen-sensitisation route.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCation-radical cycloadditions and endoperoxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Triarylpyrylium photocatalysts are productive in cation-radical [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloadditions, oxygenations and rearrangements. In a cyclisation–endoperoxidation cascade, 470 nm irradiation in oxygen-saturated dichloromethane oxidises a 1,5-diene to its radical cation. Cyclisation forms a stabilised distonic radical cation, molecular oxygen intercepts it, and a final single-electron reduction delivers a bicyclic 1,2-dioxane endoperoxide. A productive diene requires an oxidisable alkene and a second alkene that traps the radical cation; several substrates give endoperoxides in yields up to 79%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNewman–Kwart rearrangement.\u003c\/strong\u003e The same photooxidation drives the Newman–Kwart rearrangement at ambient temperature. Catalytic single-electron oxidation converts O-aryl carbamothioates to S-aryl carbamothioates, the key step in preparing thiophenols from phenols. This replaces the high temperatures required by the thermal rearrangement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiving cationic polymerisation.\u003c\/strong\u003e As a photoinitiator, 2,4,6-tri-p-tolylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate drives metal-free living cationic polymerisation of 4-methoxystyrene under visible light with methanol present. The methanol concentration sets the molecular weight and dispersity. Mechanistic analysis indicates that methanol regulates the cationic chain end by reversible chain transfer, analogous to RAFT polymerisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53933623509329,"sku":"NOR-2713215-100mg","price":34.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53933623542097,"sku":"NOR-2713215-250mg","price":59.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53933623574865,"sku":"NOR-2713215-500mg","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53933623607633,"sku":"NOR-2713215-1g","price":189.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53933623640401,"sku":"NOR-2713215-2g","price":349.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53933623673169,"sku":"NOR-2713215-5g","price":750.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_2_4_6-Tri-p-tolylpyryliumtetrafluoroborate_v2.png?v=1782963523"},{"product_id":"2-isopropylthioxanthone-itx-cas-5495-84-1","title":"2-Isopropylthioxanthone ITX | CAS 5495-84-1 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e5495-84-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e226-827-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00055658\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C16H14OS\/c1-10(2)11-7-8-15-13(9-11)16(17)12-5-3-4-6-14(12)18-15\/h3-10H,1-2H3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eKTALPKYXQZGAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e79633\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₆H₁₄OS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e254.35 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e75-76 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003ePractically insoluble in water. Soluble in common organic solvents, including acetone, chloroform, toluene, and ethanol.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eLog P\u003csub\u003eow\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e5.59\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLight yellow to yellow-green powder to crystals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2934.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container, protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eITX\u003c\/strong\u003e (2-isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one) is a Norrish Type II photoinitiator built on the thioxanthone chromophore. It forms initiating radicals bimolecularly, through its photoexcited triplet, and so it operates alongside a co-initiator.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLight absorption and excited states.\u003c\/strong\u003e ITX absorbs across the ultraviolet and into the visible, with maxima near 258 nm and 386 nm in dichloromethane and a tail to roughly 420 nm. Thioxanthone photoinitiators absorb between 380 and 420 nm, so ITX matches light-emitting-diode sources and sunlight. Absorbed light populates the excited singlet, and intersystem crossing carries the molecule to the triplet. The triplet is the reactive state and is detected by laser flash photolysis on the microsecond timescale.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadical generation.\u003c\/strong\u003e ITX abstracts hydrogen from its triplet state rather than fragmenting, so it needs a hydrogen-donor co-initiator, and tertiary amines are the most efficient partner. The triplet and the amine form an exciplex, an electron transfers from the amine to ITX, and a proton then transfers from the carbon adjacent to nitrogen. This yields a thioxanthone ketyl radical and an α-aminoalkyl radical. The conjugated ketyl radical does not initiate polymerization and terminates chains instead; the α-aminoalkyl radical is the initiating species. The triplet abstracts hydrogen directly from alcohols and ethers as well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCationic sensitisation and energy transfer.\u003c\/strong\u003e The thioxanthone triplet also behaves as a photosensitiser. Transferring an electron to an onium salt, ITX sensitises iodonium and sulfonium photoinitiators for cationic polymerization, generating a thioxanthone radical cation and an initiating onium-derived radical. The combination of ITX with phosphonium salts ranks among the most efficient systems for ring-opening cationic polymerization. By triplet energy transfer, thioxanthones also sensitise other photoinitiators and cycloaddition reactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications.\u003c\/strong\u003e ITX is a commercial Type II photoinitiator for free-radical ultraviolet curing of coatings and printing inks. It also acts as the photoinitiator in negative-tone radical photoresists for multiphoton polymerization and three-dimensional microfabrication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations in coatings and UV curing.\u003c\/strong\u003e In cured films, the amine co-initiator can introduce odour, yellowing, and migration of photolysis byproducts. ITX itself is a small molecule and migrates out of cured films together with its photolytic products; for migration-critical coating applications, higher-molecular-weight and polymeric photoinitiators are the usual alternative.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e EU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 3–5 business days. United States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid. EFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid. Worldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53937149608273,"sku":"NOR-5495841-10g","price":24.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":53937149641041,"sku":"NOR-5495841-25g","price":37.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":53937149673809,"sku":"NOR-5495841-50g","price":54.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54213530386769,"sku":"NOR-5495841-100g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":54213530419537,"sku":"NOR-5495841-250g","price":149.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":54213530452305,"sku":"NOR-5495841-500g","price":249.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_2-IsopropylthioxanthoneITX_v2.png?v=1782960659"},{"product_id":"3dpafipn-cas-2260543-73-3","title":"3DPAFIPN | CAS 2260543-73-3 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2260543-73-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD32062492\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3C#N)N(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5)F)N(C6=CC=CC=C6)C7=CC=CC=C7)C#N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C44H30FN5\/c45-41-43(49(35-23-11-3-12-24-35)36-25-13-4-14-26-36)39(31-46)42(48(33-19-7-1-8-20-33)34-21-9-2-10-22-34)40(32-47)44(41)50(37-27-15-5-16-28-37)38-29-17-6-18-30-38\/h1-30H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eGCGRXVMGBHYMDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e146014084\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₄₄H₃₀FN₅\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e647.7 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e307–401 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in acetonitrile. Practically insoluble in water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eYellow crystalline solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2926.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated at 3–5 °C in a well-ventilated place. Keep the container tightly closed.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3DPAFIPN\u003c\/strong\u003e (2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile) is a metal-free organic photoredox catalyst. It is a donor–acceptor cyanoarene: three diphenylamino donor groups and a fluorine atom surround a dicyanobenzene (isophthalonitrile) acceptor core.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermally activated delayed fluorescence.\u003c\/strong\u003e The lowest singlet and triplet excited states lie close in energy, so the triplet repopulates the emissive singlet by reverse intersystem crossing. This sustains a long-lived singlet excited state, the feature ordinary organic dyes lack because they decay too quickly for efficient bimolecular reactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsorption and emission.\u003c\/strong\u003e In N,N-dimethylacetamide the catalyst shows a charge-transfer absorption maximum at 498 nm and emits at 536 nm, its excited state combining prompt fluorescence (3.6 ns) with delayed fluorescence (43 μs).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotoredox behaviour.\u003c\/strong\u003e Under blue-light irradiation the excited catalyst drives single-electron transfer to or from a substrate, and returns to its ground state each cycle. Its diphenylamino donors are more electron-rich than the carbazole donors of related cyanoarene catalysts, raising the HOMO and pushing absorption further into the visible. Cyclic voltammetry gives a first reduction potential of −1.94 V vs Fc⁺\/Fc, more negative than the carbazole analogues 4CzIPN (−1.72 V) and 3CzClIPN (−1.61 V), so its one-electron-reduced form is a stronger reductant. It is an organic alternative to iridium and ruthenium photocatalysts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBond formation.\u003c\/strong\u003e It mediates visible-light C–C, C–N and C–P bond formation and intramolecular cyclisations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeterocycle synthesis.\u003c\/strong\u003e At 0.2 mol% under air at room temperature it drives the radical Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones and thiones in ethanol, and the Knoevenagel–Michael assembly of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines in water, both at gram scale, in several reported protocols via a consecutive visible-light-induced electron-transfer (conPET) pathway.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":53965165035857,"sku":"NOR-2260543733-100mg","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53965165068625,"sku":"NOR-2260543733-250mg","price":189.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":53965165101393,"sku":"NOR-2260543733-1g","price":539.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0 g","offer_id":54212302733649,"sku":"NOR-2260543733-2g","price":995.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_3DPAFIPN_v2.png?v=1782960020"},{"product_id":"tris1-10-phenanthrolinecobaltiii-trishexafluorophosphate-cas-28277-59-0-0-95","title":"Co(phen)3(PF6)3 | CAS 28277-59-0 | ≥95%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e28277-59-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD30749311\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC2=C(C3=C(C=CC=N3)C=C2)N=C1.C1=CC2=C(C3=C(C=CC=N3)C=C2)N=C1.C1=CC2=C(C3=C(C=CC=N3)C=C2)N=C1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.[Co+3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3C12H8N2.Co.3F6P\/c3*1-3-9-5-6-10-4-2-8-14-12(10)11(9)13-7-1;;3*1-7(2,3,4,5)6\/h3*1-8H;;;;\/q;;;+3;3*-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eJYGNLHURFRGGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e15494322\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₃₆H₂₄CoF₁₈N₆P₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1034.4 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in acetonitrile and other polar aprotic solvents (acetone, DMF, DMSO); limited solubility in alcohols; poorly soluble in water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eCrystalline pale yellow to yellow-red or light brown solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eKeep container tightly closed. Store in a cool and shaded area. Keep under inert gas. Store locked up\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTris(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III) tris(hexafluorophosphate)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the hexafluorophosphate salt of the [Co(phen)₃]³⁺ cation, in which cobalt(III) is chelated by three bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline ligands to give an octahedral tris-chelate. Like all octahedral tris(bidentate) complexes the cation is chiral, occurring as Δ and Λ enantiomers. As the hexafluorophosphate salt it is soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile, and its solution chemistry is that of the [Co(phen)₃]³⁺ cation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRedox behaviour.\u003c\/strong\u003e The cobalt(II)\/cobalt(III) couple is a one-electron, outer-sphere redox system. The change in oxidation state reorganizes the coordination sphere: averaged over reported [Co(phen)₃]ⁿ⁺ structures the cobalt–nitrogen distance is about 1.95 Å for cobalt(III) and about 2.12 Å for cobalt(II), so reduction lengthens the metal–ligand bonds and oxidation contracts them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolar-cell redox mediator.\u003c\/strong\u003e In dye-sensitized solar cells the couple acts as the electrolyte redox mediator: the cobalt(II) form regenerates the photo-oxidized dye, while the cobalt(III) salt — the oxidized half of the shuttle — is reduced again at the counter electrode. Unlike triiodide, the cobalt mediator absorbs little visible light and so does not shadow the sensitizer. Paired with the high-absorption organic dye C218, the phenanthroline shuttle gave an iodine-free cell of 8.3% power-conversion efficiency under full sunlight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectron-transfer oxidant.\u003c\/strong\u003e As a defined one-electron oxidant the cation is used to study electron-transfer mechanisms. In acetonitrile it oxidizes verdazyl radicals to verdazylium cations, forming the cobalt(II) complex, along a pathway consistent with Marcus theory; in aqueous acid it oxidizes iodide. These reactions make it a convenient reference oxidant for electron-transfer kinetics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetalloprotein oxidant.\u003c\/strong\u003e The cation oxidizes the heme protein ferrocytochrome c. At low ionic strength the reaction is governed by electrostatic association and proceeds through a conformationally open form of the protein, so the complex serves as a probe of protein conformation and biological electron transfer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorphyrin template.\u003c\/strong\u003e In acidic solution the cation promotes the self-assembly of the anionic porphyrin tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin into J-aggregates by an autocatalytic nucleation-and-growth process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53965266125137,"sku":"NOR-28277590-500mg","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53965266157905,"sku":"NOR-28277590-1g","price":189.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53965266190673,"sku":"NOR-28277590-2g","price":360.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Co_phen_3_PF6__v2.png?v=1782959626"},{"product_id":"xphos-pd-g3-cas-1445085-55-1-98","title":"XPhos Pd G3 | CAS 1445085-55-1 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1445085-55-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e830-976-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD22417234\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2P(C3CCCCC3)C4CCCCC4)C(C)C.CS(=O)(=O)O.C1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2N.[Pd]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C33H49P.C12H10N.CH4O3S.Pd\/c1-23(2)26-21-30(24(3)4)33(31(22-26)25(5)6)29-19-13-14-20-32(29)34(27-15-9-7-10-16-27)28-17-11-8-12-18-28;13-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)10-6-2-1-3-7-10;1-5(2,3)4;\/h13-14,19-25,27-28H,7-12,15-18H2,1-6H3;1-6,8-9H,13H2;1H3,(H,2,3,4);\/q;-1;;\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eMSDBKVKSEKVUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e117064974\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₄₆H₆₃NO₃PPdS⁻\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e847.5 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e146–151 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eHighly soluble in a wide variety of common organic solvents, except in hexanes and pentane.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to off-white solid powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRelatively stable in air for weighing and handling. Store refrigerated (2–8 °C) in a tightly closed container, protected from light and under inert gas (N₂ or Ar).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSDS \/ CoA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/XPhos_Pd_G3_EU_MSDS_1.0.pdf?v=1788193298\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: #002147; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500;\"\u003eDownload PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXPhos Pd G3\u003c\/strong\u003e is the ready-to-use palladium form of XPhos: the ligand, a deprotonated 2-aminobiphenyl and a methanesulfonate on one palladium centre, giving a defined 1:1 ligand-to-palladium ratio in a single weighable solid. Base contact releases the monoligated palladium(0) active catalyst, so there is no separate reduction step and no phosphine-to-palladium ratio to optimise. It is air- and moisture-stable, works at low loading under mild conditions across a wide functional-group range, heterocycles included, and minimises batch and storage variation in the palladium source. This is the palladium complex and not the free ligand. XPhos alone is a separate product at 476.7 g\/mol against 847.5 here, so a loading calculated from the ligand mass is out by nearly a factor of two.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuzuki–Miyaura coupling.\u003c\/strong\u003e The dominant documented use. Aryl and heteroaryl iodides, bromides and chlorides run at 60 to 85% yields, on this precatalyst or one alternative. Tribasic potassium phosphate in 1,4-dioxane–water is the recurring set: (5-formyl-2-methylphenyl)boronic acid coupled at 90 °C in 80% yield, a related route running arylboronic acids at 100 °C in 60 to 66%. Caesium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane–water at 10 mol% carried a 5-methoxyindol-2-ylboronic acid onto a methylsulfonylpropanamide aniline. Away from aqueous mixtures, 3 mol% with caesium carbonate and ten equivalents of water in toluene at 100 °C ran in two hours; sodium ethoxide in ethanol served for 3-bromo-5-phenylpyridine with phenylboronic acid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBuchwald–Hartwig amination.\u003c\/strong\u003e With added XPhos it was the system examined across lipids as reaction solvents, yields rising from 75 to 100% in 1,1-diethoxyethane, 48 to 100% in toluene and 82 to 100% in nonane.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorylation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Tetrahydroxydiboron with potassium acetate in ethanol at 80 °C, then potassium carbonate in the same pot, gave 80%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCyanation.\u003c\/strong\u003e With zinc cyanide, triethylamine both activates the precatalyst and solubilises the cyanide source, giving a modest yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActivation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Base contact drives reductive elimination of carbazole and leaves the monoligated palladium(0) that performs the catalysis; until that point the aminobiphenyl is monoanionic and bound through both carbon and nitrogen. Mass spectrometry has followed the conversion, precatalyst and palladium(0) signals falling as the oxidative addition complex appears.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTwo isolable forms.\u003c\/strong\u003e In solution these precatalysts isomerise into two forms, distinguished by whether the mesylate or a carbon–carbon double bond occupies the palladium coordination sphere. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a rapid quality-control method for them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented limits.\u003c\/strong\u003e In a copper-free Sonogashira protocol with caesium carbonate in acetonitrile it raised neither the yield nor the purity of the products. The source attributes the difficulty to a β-ketoamide that may be coordinating the metal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFurther reading:\u003c\/strong\u003e For phosphine-ligand selection, palladium sources and precatalysts, and Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig reagent choice, see NorrChemica's Lab Journal guide: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/blogs\/lab-journal\/choosing-a-phosphine-ligand-for-cross-coupling-a-practical-guide\"\u003eChoosing a Phosphine Ligand for Cross-Coupling: A Practical Guide\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54353110401361,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-250mg","price":29.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":54757377802577,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-500mg","price":47.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":54353110434129,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-1g","price":84.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0 g","offer_id":54757377835345,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-2g","price":154.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54353110466897,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-5g","price":319.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54353110499665,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-10g","price":579.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54353110532433,"sku":"NOR-1445085551-25g","price":1469.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_card_XPhos-Pd-G3.png?v=1788284226"},{"product_id":"brettphos-pd-g4-cas-1599466-83-7-98","title":"BrettPhos Pd G4 | CAS 1599466-83-7 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1599466-83-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e813-487-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD29917502\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)C)C2=C(C=CC(=C2P(C3CCCCC3)C4CCCCC4)OC)OC)C(C)C.CNC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC=CC=[C-]2.CS(=O)(=O)O.[Pd]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C35H53O2P.C13H12N.CH4O3S.Pd\/c1-23(2)26-21-29(24(3)4)33(30(22-26)25(5)6)34-31(36-7)19-20-32(37-8)35(34)38(27-15-11-9-12-16-27)28-17-13-10-14-18-28;1-14-13-10-6-5-9-12(13)11-7-3-2-4-8-11;1-5(2,3)4;\/h19-25,27-28H,9-18H2,1-8H3;2-7,9-10,14H,1H3;1H3,(H,2,3,4);\/q;-1;;\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eYGIUDYZKEHOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e124203001\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₄₉H₆₉NO₅PPdS⁻\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e921.5 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e146–151 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in polar organic solvents including methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to off-white solid powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRelatively stable in air for weighing and handling. Store refrigerated (2–8 °C) in a tightly closed container, protected from light and under inert gas (N₂ or Ar).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSDS \/ CoA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/BrettPhos_Pd_G4_EU_MSDS_1.0.pdf?v=1788202216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: #002147; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500;\"\u003eDownload PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBrettPhos Pd G4\u003c\/strong\u003e is CAS 1599466-83-7, C₄₉H₆₉NO₅PPdS⁻ at 921.5 g\/mol, its formula carrying one phosphorus and one palladium. The free ligand alone is 536.8 g\/mol against 921.5 for this complex. On activation it releases N-methylcarbazole, eliminating termination by free carbazole.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBuchwald-Hartwig amination.\u003c\/strong\u003e The dominant documented use, in pharmaceutical process routes. Aminopyrimidine and aminopyridine nucleophiles have been coupled to chloropyridine and aryl bromide electrophiles. Caesium carbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium tert-butoxide have all served as base, in dioxane, in dioxane with tert-butanol, or in toluene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemoselective amidation of dihaloarenes.\u003c\/strong\u003e A primary amide has been coupled to a bromochloroarene with complete chemoselectivity, using aqueous tripotassium phosphate with dioxane.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eContinuous flow.\u003c\/strong\u003e Its improved solubility in organic solvents suits a flow process, where it was the best of the catalysts screened.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy the scaffold changed.\u003c\/strong\u003e Sterically demanding ligands including this one do not react with the chloride-bridged second-generation dimer. The mesylate-bridged dimer is cleaved by this ligand in high yield.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat the generation changes.\u003c\/strong\u003e The carbazole released on third-generation activation can act as a competitive substrate, leaving trace impurities. In some cases that carbazole formation inhibits catalyst performance. A precatalyst releasing an N-substituted carbazole would address both concerns. The N-methyl and N-phenyl analogues of the third-generation complex give the later species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActivation.\u003c\/strong\u003e The third-generation form of this ligand generates its zerovalent palladium complex and free carbazole.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurther reading: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/blogs\/lab-journal\/choosing-a-phosphine-ligand-for-cross-coupling-a-practical-guide\"\u003eChoosing a phosphine ligand for cross-coupling, a practical guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":54354887770449,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-100mg","price":29.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54354887803217,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-250mg","price":47.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":54758075367761,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-500mg","price":84.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":54354887835985,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-1g","price":139.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0 g","offer_id":54758075400529,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-2g","price":239.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54354887868753,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-5g","price":598.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54354887901521,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-10g","price":1149.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54354887934289,"sku":"NOR-1599466837-25g","price":2489.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_card_BrettPhos-Pd-G4.png?v=1788284995"},{"product_id":"d-proline-cas-344-25-2","title":"D-Proline | CAS 344-25-2 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e344-25-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e206-452-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00064317\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1C[C@@H](NC1)C(=O)O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C5H9NO2\/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4\/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)\/t4-\/m1\/s1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eONIBWKKTOPOVIA-SCSAIBSYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e8988\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₅H₉NO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e115.13 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e223 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in water. Sparingly soluble in acetone. Insoluble in ethanol.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore at room temperature in a tightly sealed container protected from moisture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD-Proline\u003c\/strong\u003e is the (\u003cem\u003eR\u003c\/em\u003e)-enantiomer of proline, the only natural amino acid whose amine is secondary. Amine and acid act together: the amine condenses with an aldehyde or ketone to a nucleophilic enamine, while the carboxylic acid hydrogen-bonds to the electrophile and activates it. That same hydrogen bond fixes the position of the electrophile, so it reacts at only one prochiral face of the enamine. In this manner, D-proline is able to catalyse a considerable set of asymmetric transformations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhich face is selected follows from the configuration at the pyrrolidine ring, so D-proline gives the mirror image of the L-series.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eReaction scope\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAldol and Mannich:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enamine activation of aldehydes and ketones towards carbonyl and imine electrophiles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMichael addition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Conjugate addition of aldehydes and ketones to nitroolefins and related acceptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eα-Amination:\u003c\/strong\u003e Azodicarboxylate electrophiles, giving α-hydrazino carbonyl compounds.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eα-Aminoxylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e With nitrosobenzene as the oxygen source, choosing L- or D-proline gives either 1,2-diol antipode at 54–86% yield and 94–99% ee.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalyst scaffold:\u003c\/strong\u003e Starting material for D-prolinamide, Pro-Pro dipeptide and diketopiperazine organocatalysts, where the D-residue reverses the sense of induction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003ePeptide conformational templating\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eβ-Hairpin nucleation:\u003c\/strong\u003e The heterochiral D-Pro-L-Pro dipeptide has a marked propensity for the type II′ β-turn and nucleates hairpins; homochiral L-Pro-L-Pro instead induces local helical folding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLoop mimetics:\u003c\/strong\u003e A twelve-residue loop from the interferon-γ receptor grafted onto the template gives a cyclic peptide whose flanking residues mimic the receptor’s antiparallel strands; it also promotes backbone cyclisation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDownstream use:\u003c\/strong\u003e D-Pro-L-Pro and D-Pro-Gly are the two turn templates now most used, underpinning self-assembling hairpin hydrogels and cyclic peptidomimetic antibiotics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54354907660625,"sku":"NOR-344252-10g","price":29.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54437948227921,"sku":"NOR-344252-25g","price":43.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":54437948260689,"sku":"NOR-344252-50g","price":64.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54354907693393,"sku":"NOR-344252-100g","price":94.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":54437948293457,"sku":"NOR-344252-250g","price":169.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":54354907726161,"sku":"NOR-344252-500g","price":289.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/D-Proline_344-25-2.png?v=1785323461"},{"product_id":"dtbbpy-cas-72914-19-3","title":"4,4'-Di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dtbpy) | CAS 72914-19-3 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e72914-19-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e629-463-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD01863731\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NC=C1)C2=NC=CC(=C2)C(C)(C)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C18H24N2\/c1-17(2,3)13-7-9-19-15(11-13)16-12-14(8-10-20-16)18(4,5)6\/h7-12H,1-6H3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eTXNLQUKVUJITMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e4249187\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₈H₂₄N₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e268.4 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e159 - 163 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSlightly soluble in DMSO, ethyl acetate and methanol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to almost white crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore under inert gas in a cool, dark place below 15 °C. Air sensitive.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4,4'-Di-\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003etert\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine\u003c\/strong\u003e (dtbpy, dtbbpy) is 2,2'-bipyridine carrying a \u003cem\u003etert\u003c\/em\u003e-butyl group on each 4-position. The substituents do two things. They donate electron density, shifting the reduction of the resulting metal complex to a more negative potential than the unsubstituted parent. They also make those complexes soluble in organic solvents. That is why dtbpy replaces bipyridine in most catalytic work. The white crystalline solid is stored under inert gas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIridium C–H borylation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Combined with [Ir(OMe)(COD)]₂, it gives the catalyst that borylates C–H bonds directly, using bis(pinacolato)diboron as the boron source. Thiophenes, furans and pyrroles are borylated at room temperature under these conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotoredox complexes.\u003c\/strong\u003e It is the ancillary ligand of the heteroleptic iridium(III) photocatalysts, among them [Ir(dF(CF₃)ppy)₂(dtbpy)]PF₆ and [Ir(ppy)₂(dtbbpy)]PF₆, used for visible-light reductive coupling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNickel cross-coupling.\u003c\/strong\u003e On nickel it supports cross-electrophile coupling of aryl bromides with alkyl bromides under manganese or zinc reduction. It also supports photochemical decarboxylative coupling of aryl bromides with alkyl carboxylic acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDual photoredox catalysis.\u003c\/strong\u003e As the nickel-bound ligand in nickel–ruthenium systems it enables 1,4-difunctionalisation of 1,3-enynes with aryl halides and sodium sulfinates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRhenium carbon dioxide reduction.\u003c\/strong\u003e In the reduced complex [Re(bpytBu)(CO)₃]⁻ the added electron localises on the bipyridine ligand rather than on the metal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54355207061841,"sku":"NOR-72914193-250mg","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":54355207094609,"sku":"NOR-72914193-1g","price":59.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":54423556587857,"sku":"NOR-72914193-2g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":54355207127377,"sku":"NOR-72914193-5g","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54355207160145,"sku":"NOR-72914193-10g","price":329.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54355207192913,"sku":"NOR-72914193-25g","price":589.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":54423655645521,"sku":"NOR-72914193-50g","price":998.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_dtbpy..png?v=1785167242"},{"product_id":"2-2-6-2-terpyridine-cas-1148-79-4","title":"2,2',6',2''-Terpyridine | CAS 1148-79-4 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1148-79-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e214-559-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00006213\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=NC(=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C15H11N3\/c1-3-10-16-12(6-1)14-8-5-9-15(18-14)13-7-2-4-11-17-13\/h1-11H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eDRGAZIDRYFYHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e70848\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₅H₁₁N₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e233.27 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e89–91 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSlightly soluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eLog P\u003csub\u003eow\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2.4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003ePale yellow to brown crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine\u003c\/strong\u003e, also sold as tripyridine, and its derivatives are the most used planar, tridentate ligand class in coordination chemistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts three chelating pyridine rings raise the ligand-to-metal binding constant relative to bidentate analogues and give octahedral 2:1 complexes with no enantiomers, unlike those formed with bipyridine or phenanthroline. It is an unusually strong electron acceptor among N-donors, and is oxidatively and thermally robust. The ligand is redox non-innocent: in nickel alkyl–alkyl coupling the reduction of the alkyl halide is a ligand-based process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNickel-catalysed Negishi coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e with NiCl₂·glyme in DMA, secondary propargylic bromides couple to secondary alkylzinc reagents at room temperature in 89% yield. Esters, ethers, carbamates and olefins are tolerated, the last without \u003cem\u003eE\u003c\/em\u003e\/\u003cem\u003eZ\u003c\/em\u003e isomerisation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt hydroboration:\u003c\/strong\u003e a cobalt-alkyl NNN pincer complex of terpyridine hydroborates styrene with pinacolborane at 1 mol%, favouring Markovnikov regiochemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIron hydrosilylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(II) terpyridine complexes, after \u003cem\u003ein situ\u003c\/em\u003e reduction, catalyse hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes with primary and secondary silanes, giving linear products without competitive dehydrosilylation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDye-sensitised solar cells:\u003c\/strong\u003e ruthenium(II) tris-thiocyanate complexes bearing a chelating terpyridine ligand act as panchromatic sensitisers, one reaching 10.3% solar conversion efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWater oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e mononuclear [Mn(terpy)₂]²⁺ and dinuclear terpyridine-manganese complexes have been investigated electrochemically in aqueous solution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLigand screening:\u003c\/strong\u003e in nickel-catalysed esterification with (−)-menthol, terpyridine gave 24% yield where bipyridine and phenanthroline gave none.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 3–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eSwitzerland (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54355207422289,"sku":"NOR-1148794-250mg","price":59.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":54510445560145,"sku":"NOR-1148794-500mg","price":98.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":54355207455057,"sku":"NOR-1148794-1g","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0 g","offer_id":54510445592913,"sku":"NOR-1148794-2g","price":349.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54355207487825,"sku":"NOR-1148794-5g","price":879.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/Terpyridine_1148-79-4.png?v=1784555364"},{"product_id":"o-phenanthroline-cas-66-71-7","title":"o-Phenanthroline | CAS 66-71-7 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e66-71-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e200-629-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00011678\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC2=C(C3=C(C=CC=N3)C=C2)N=C1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C12H8N2\/c1-3-9-5-6-10-4-2-8-14-12(10)11(9)13-7-1\/h1-8H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eDGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1318\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₂H₈N₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e180.2 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e97–102 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSlightly soluble in water, soluble in common organic solvents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to off-white crystalline solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a dry, well-ventilated place in a tightly sealed container\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,10-Phenanthroline\u003c\/strong\u003e, also sold as o-phenanthroline, is a rigid, planar bidentate N-donor ligand whose optimally oriented nitrogen atoms coordinate strongly to most metals, especially transition metals, lanthanides and actinides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts extended conjugation over three fused rings makes it an electron-deficient, strong-acceptor ligand that stabilises soft metal cations. Unlike bipyridine, its extra fused ring blocks ligand rotation, giving more rigid catalyst complexes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCopper-catalysed Ullmann amination:\u003c\/strong\u003e it enables amination of aryl halides with amines at 110 °C and 10 mol% copper, below the classical stoichiometric-copper method.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCopper C–S coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e with Cu₂O it supports coupling of aryl halides with thiols in 75–99% yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCuAAC click chemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e added to copper(I) catalysts it accelerates azide–alkyne cycloaddition, enabling efficient catalysis in hydroalcoholic solvents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNickel coupling in water:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ni(phen)₂Br₂ at 2 mol%, with zinc nanopowder and K₃PO₄, couples decanethiol to 4-methoxyiodobenzene in aqueous surfactant solution. Manganese, ascorbic acid and PMHS all fail as the reductant.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePalladium aerobic oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e with palladium(II) it gives water-tolerant, recyclable catalysts for aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRedox indicator:\u003c\/strong\u003e with Fe²⁺ it forms ferroin, the most widely used redox indicator in chemistry, absorbing at 510 nm with a molar absorptivity of 11,100 mol⁻¹ dm³ cm⁻¹.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLigand specificity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2,9-dimethyl substitution (neocuproine) impairs the same nickel coupling, and DPPF, DPPE and DPPB give significantly lower yields.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 3–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eSwitzerland (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54511127036241,"sku":"NOR-66717-5g","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54511127069009,"sku":"NOR-66717-10g","price":57.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54355207520593,"sku":"NOR-66717-25g","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/o-Phenanthroline_66-71-7.png?v=1784555344"},{"product_id":"nicl-dtbbpy-cas-1034901-50-2","title":"NiCl2(dtbbpy) | CAS 1034901-50-2 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1034901-50-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e876-244-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD31807325\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NC=C1)C2=NC=CC(=C2)C(C)(C)C.Cl[Ni]Cl\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C18H24N2.2ClH.Ni\/c1-17(2,3)13-7-9-19-15(11-13)16-12-14(8-10-20-16)18(4,5)6;;;\/h7-12H,1-6H3;2*1H;\/q;;;+2\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003ePCWIKFRTCXESOT-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e156589138\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₈H₂₄Cl₂N₂Ni\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e398.0 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e\u0026gt;300 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eGreen to dark green powder to crystal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eKeep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Store in a cool place. Store under nitrogen.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNiCl2(dtbbpy)\u003c\/strong\u003e [(4,4'-dtbbpy)NiCl2] is the preformed nickel(II) dichloride complex of 4,4'-di-\u003cem\u003etert\u003c\/em\u003e-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (C18H24Cl2N2Ni, 398.0 g\/mol). Preformed is not merely convenient: in α-arylation of \u003cem\u003eN\u003c\/em\u003e-alkyl \u003cem\u003eN\u003c\/em\u003e-heterocycles the well-defined complex showed significantly higher activity than NiCl2 alone or NiCl2 combined with the dtbbpy ligand in the flask.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi(I)(dtbbpy)+ is the species that performs oxidative addition to an aryl bromide. The solid is air-stable, but stability is not inertness: in Ir\/Ni coupling in DMF under CFL irradiation molecular oxygen was essential for activation, where Ni(COD)2 required none.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eα-Arylation of \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-heterocycles:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7 mol% with 2 mol% [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(dtbbpy)][PF6], 2,6-lutidine, DMF, 440 nm blue LED — 81% isolated yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAldehyde synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e with an iridium photocatalyst under blue LED, aryl chlorides functionalise 1,3-dioxolane at C2, giving aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes after mild acidic workup.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eC–N amidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e irradiated with an organic amine base, aryl chlorides couple with amides in 80% isolated yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDecarboxylative coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e oxamates with aryl bromides, 4CzIPN photocatalyst, DMA, 456 nm, 40–45 °C — 71%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eC(sp3)–H arylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e with TBADT as HAT co-catalyst at 390 nm, gives 1,2-diaryl-\u003cem\u003esyn\u003c\/em\u003e-diols in 83% yield and greater than 20:1 diastereoselectivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlkene dicarbofunctionalisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e three-component coupling of electron-deficient alkenes, alcohols and aryl bromides under acridinium\/PCET catalysis at 450 nm — 82%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical cross-electrophile coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2 mol% with a cobalt phthalocyanine mediator sustains 12 mA\/cm2 at 95% yield; unmediated, C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling runs at 73%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAryl esterification:\u003c\/strong\u003e with an energy-transfer photocatalyst in 1:1 DMSO\/toluene, benzoic acid couples to 5-bromophthalide in 81% yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e performance is ligand-sensitive, not universal. In an electrochemical Ni-catalysed C–N coupling of an aryl halide with pyrrolidine, dtbbpy gave 22% where other sp2-N ligands did better — worth screening alternatives when electrochemical amination is the target.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54517621653841,"sku":"NOR-1034901502-250mg","price":59.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":54355213975889,"sku":"NOR-1034901502-1g","price":79.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54355214008657,"sku":"NOR-1034901502-5g","price":273.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54355214041425,"sku":"NOR-1034901502-25g","price":1050.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_card_Ni_dtbbpy.png?v=1786120335"},{"product_id":"tempo-cas-2564-83-2","title":"TEMPO | CAS 2564-83-2 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2564-83-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e219-888-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00009599\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eTN8991900\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCC1(CCCC(N1[O])(C)C)C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C9H18NO\/c1-8(2)6-5-7-9(3,4)10(8)11\/h5-7H2,1-4H3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eQYTDEUPAUMOIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2724126\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₉H₁₈NO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e156.25 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e36-38 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water, soluble in common organic solvents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eOrange to red crystalline solid powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2933.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore refrigerated (2–8 °C) in a tightly sealed container under protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTEMPO\u003c\/strong\u003e (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl) is a stable aminoxyl radical. Nitroxides of this class are established catalysts for alcohol oxidation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOxoammonium catalytic cycle.\u003c\/strong\u003e TEMPO undergoes reversible oxidation to the oxoammonium cation. That cation is generally proposed to act as the active oxidant. It abstracts a hydride from the alcohol to form the aldehyde, regenerating TEMPO. The nitroxide is therefore used in catalytic quantity with a stoichiometric terminal oxidant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnelli–Montanari oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catalytic TEMPO with sodium hypochlorite and potassium bromide oxidises primary alcohols to aldehydes. NaOCl oxidises TEMPO to the N-oxoammonium ion directly, and indirectly through HOBr formed by hypochlorite-induced bromide oxidation. Sodium chlorite alone with TEMPO and KBr also oxidises the alcohol directly to the aldehyde.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTEMPO\/BAIB oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catalytic TEMPO with [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene oxidises primary hydroxyls regioselectively, in the presence of secondary ones. The reaction runs in tert-butanol, dichloromethane and water and reaches the aldehyde or the carboxylic acid. The system is standard for uronic acid formation on protected sugars and polyols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCu\/TEMPO aerobic oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Copper salts and copper polypyridyl complexes with TEMPO oxidise benzylic and primary alcohols under oxygen or air. Copper, TEMPO and the amine or pyridyl ligand are all used at single-figure mol% loadings. Oxygen is the terminal oxidant, so the only stoichiometric by-product is water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellulose nanomaterials.\u003c\/strong\u003e TEMPO oxidation converts the C6 primary hydroxyls of cellulose to carboxylates. Coupled with mechanical blending it disintegrates cellulose into nanofibrils. Electrochemical oxidation with a TEMPO catalyst gives cellulose nanocrystals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNitroxide-mediated polymerisation.\u003c\/strong\u003e TEMPO mediates styrene polymerisation at 120 °C through reversible alkoxyamine homolysis. The homolysis equilibrium constant of the TEMPO–styryl alkoxyamine is the reference value for the method.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadical trapping.\u003c\/strong\u003e TEMPO intercepts carbon-centred radicals as isolable alkoxyamine adducts. Suppression or marked inhibition of a reaction on adding TEMPO is used as evidence for a radical pathway. Isolation of the adduct identifies the intermediate directly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmine oxidation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Used stoichiometrically rather than catalytically, TEMPO oxidises amines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEPR spin labelling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Nitroxide radicals such as TEMPO serve as spin labels in EPR studies. They also act as single-electron probes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMRI contrast research.\u003c\/strong\u003e TEMPO is the reference nitroxide for the development of stable radicals as fully organic, metal-free contrast agents that shorten the water proton T₁. Reduction to the diamagnetic hydroxylamine by ascorbate removes the paramagnetic character and ends the contrast effect. More hindered analogues are prepared against that benchmark.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRedox-flow catholytes.\u003c\/strong\u003e Nitroxyl radicals such as TEMPO show reversible N–O to N=O⁺ redox chemistry. That reversibility underpins their interest as catholyte materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 3–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eSwitzerland (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54356138918225,"sku":"NOR-2564832-10g","price":69.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54356138950993,"sku":"NOR-2564832-25g","price":94.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_TEMPO.png?v=1787592639"},{"product_id":"bismuthiii-chloride-bicl3-cas-7787-60-2","title":"Bismuth(III) Chloride (BiCl3) | CAS 7787-60-2 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e7787-60-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e232-123-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00003461\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCl[Bi](Cl)Cl\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/Bi.3ClH\/h;3*1H\/q+3;;;\/p-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eJHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e24591\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eBiCl₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e315.34 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e230–232 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in methanol, diethyl ether and acetone. Hydrolyses in water to insoluble bismuth oxychloride; dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite to pale yellow crystalline powder, chunks or granules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2827.39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eHygroscopic. Store under an inert atmosphere in a tightly closed container, in a dry place at room temperature.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBismuth(III) chloride\u003c\/strong\u003e, BiCl3, is the anhydrous bismuth trichloride (315.34 g\/mol): a hygroscopic white to pale yellow solid and the standard entry point to bismuth chemistry. Its three chlorides are displaced by quinolate, amide and phosphinoamine ligands in ethanol, THF or methanol, which is the reactivity behind both its catalysis and its role as a precursor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt hydrolyses in water to insoluble bismuth oxychloride, so reactions and stock solutions are run in organic media or in concentrated hydrochloric acid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCyclopropanated sugar cyclisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e in the presence of BiCl3 the cyclisation of 1,2-cyclopropanated sugars with olefins is highly diastereoselective, giving 2,2-disubstituted products.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTrifluoromethylthiolation:\u003c\/strong\u003e activates trifluoromethanesulfanylamide in the palladium-catalysed synthesis of 3-((trifluoromethyl)thio)indoles, where its presence is crucial to the transformation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLuminescent Bi(III) complexes:\u003c\/strong\u003e functionalised 8-hydroxyquinolate ligands added in a 3:1 mole ratio in ethanol or THF give homoleptic tris(8-hydroxyquinolate) bismuth(III) complexes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrganobismuth synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e lithium \u003cem\u003eN\u003c\/em\u003e-trimethylsilylamides give mono-, di- or triaminobismuthanes according to ligand bulk and stoichiometry, and bis(diisopropylphosphino)amine in methanol gives a catenated bismuth compound in one step.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBismuth nanoparticle deposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e bismuth nanocatalysts are electrodeposited onto indium tin oxide from BiCl3 solution by potentiostatic double-pulse techniques.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSulfide detection:\u003c\/strong\u003e forms a black precipitate with hydrogen sulfide, the basis of a visual assay for bacterial H2S production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54521399542097,"sku":"NOR-7787602-25g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54521399574865,"sku":"NOR-7787602-100g","price":149.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":54521399607633,"sku":"NOR-7787602-500g","price":189.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg","offer_id":54521399640401,"sku":"NOR-7787602-1000g","price":309.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_BiCl3.png?v=1786194657"},{"product_id":"titanocene-dichloride-cp2ticl2-cas-1271-19-8","title":"Titanocene Dichloride (Cp2TiCl2) | CAS 1271-19-8 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1271-19-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e215-035-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00003723\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eXR2050000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+4]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/2C5H5.2ClH.Ti\/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;;;\/h2*1-5H;2*1H;\/q2*-1;;;+4\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eYMNCCEXICREQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e76030824\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₀H₁₀Cl₂Ti\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e248.96 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e289 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform and toluene. Moderately soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride and petroleum ether. Slowly hydrolyses in water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eOrange to brown to dark red powder to crystal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2931.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 24 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStable in dry air; hydrolyses slowly in moist air. Store at 2-8 °C in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitanocene dichloride\u003c\/strong\u003e, Cp2TiCl2 or bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride (C10H10Cl2Ti, 248.96 g\/mol), is a titanium(IV) metallocene — a bent metallocene, the geometry that leaves its chloride sites open for substrate binding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is a bench-stable precatalyst, not the active species. Base metals such as zinc or manganese reduce it in situ to the Ti(III) reagent that does the chemistry, and that Ti(III) species opens epoxides homolytically. Everything below follows from that.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnusually for radical chemistry, water is tolerated and can be the hydrogen source. Titanocene(III) aqua complexes are a distinct class of hydrogen-atom-transfer reagent, working because water binds strongly to Ti(III) and the HAT step has a low activation energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical epoxide opening:\u003c\/strong\u003e with collidine hydrochloride and a hydrogen-atom donor it delivers the diol in 86% yield with high diastereocontrol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHydrogen transfer from water:\u003c\/strong\u003e with a substoichiometric late transition metal it hydrogenates alkenes and alkynes under mild conditions, the hydrogen atom coming from Ti(III)-coordinated water rather than from H2 or a hydride.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReductive annulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e with zinc it drives titanium(III)-catalysed reductive annulation, forging a tricyclic diol core in one step.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEpoxy-ene cyclisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e closes a \u003cem\u003etrans\u003c\/em\u003e-decalin in 58% yield, assembling a fused bicyclic skeleton in a single radical step.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTebbe olefination:\u003c\/strong\u003e combined with trimethylaluminium it forms the Tebbe reagent, olefinating a carbonyl in 90% yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePinacol coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e at 5 mol% it promotes diastereoselective pinacol coupling of aromatic aldehydes, and is non-toxic, inexpensive and readily available at that loading.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalyst screening:\u003c\/strong\u003e in one titanium-catalyst screen it was the most efficient of the complexes tested, giving the target in 35% yield.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOlefin polymerisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e as a precatalyst it out-performed two salicylaldimine titanium(IV) dichlorides in ethylene slurry polymerisation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e stable in dry air, hydrolyses slowly in moist air. Store at 2–8 °C in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54534162219345,"sku":"NOR-1271198-25g","price":96.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54534162252113,"sku":"NOR-1271198-100g","price":129.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Cp2TiCl2.png?v=1786403663"},{"product_id":"salen-n-n-bissalicylideneethylenediamine-cas-94-93-9-98","title":"Salen (N,N'-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) | CAS 94-93-9 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e94-93-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e202-376-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00002244\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSL3780000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C(C(=C1)C=NCCN=CC2=CC=CC=C2O)O\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C16H16N2O2\/c19-15-7-3-1-5-13(15)11-17-9-10-18-12-14-6-2-4-8-16(14)20\/h1-8,11-12,19-20H,9-10H2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eVEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e26518\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₆H₁₆N₂O₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e268.31 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e127–128 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in hot methanol and hot ethanol. Sparingly soluble in cold methanol and ethanol. Insoluble in water.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eYellow crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2925.29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eKeep container tightly closed and dry. Store at room temperature; a cool, dark place is recommended.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSDS \/ CoA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/Salen_N_N_-Bis_salicylidene_ethylenediamine_EU_MSDS_1.0.pdf?v=1788031412\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: #002147; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDownload PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSalen\u003c\/strong\u003e, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, is the unsubstituted tetradentate Schiff base formed from two salicylaldehyde units and ethylenediamine. It stabilises metal ions across a range of oxidation states.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt binds a single metal centre through two phenoxide oxygens and two imine nitrogens, filling the equatorial plane and leaving axial sites open for a co-ligand. Its two phenolic protons make it an O-H acidic ligand, and the ligand is sterically demanding with several distinct coordination sites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMaking the metal complex:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reaction with a metal acetate gives the metal salen complex directly, as when nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and the ligand give Ni(salen). It also forms complexes with second-row metals, reacting with [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] in methanol to give the mononuclear Ru(III) complex [Ru(salen)(PPh3)Cl].\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eManganese catalysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e In ligand screening for manganese-catalysed acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation it gave the most promising result of the ligands tested with a manganese carbonyl precursor.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArtificial metalloenzymes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Its cobalt complex, CoSalen, serves as a first-row transition-metal water-oxidation catalyst hosted inside an electron-transfer protein.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSandwich complexes:\u003c\/strong\u003e In lanthanide and actinide chemistry it appears in bis-tetradentate arrangements, with a pair of ligands sandwiching the metal centre.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNanoparticle synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Outside coordination chemistry it binds crystal surfaces during particle growth, inhibiting growth and giving smaller particles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented limits:\u003c\/strong\u003e In catalyst screening a four-hydroxyl analogue outperformed it, which places the parent as the baseline rather than the optimum. The ligand can be released intact from its metal complex under photochemical turnover, and is detected free in solution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54730250355025,"sku":"NOR-94939-10g","price":43.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54730250387793,"sku":"NOR-94939-25g","price":69.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":54730250420561,"sku":"NOR-94939-50g","price":109.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":54730250453329,"sku":"NOR-94939-100g","price":198.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":54730250486097,"sku":"NOR-94939-250g","price":459.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":54730250518865,"sku":"NOR-94939-500g","price":798.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Salen.png?v=1788027691"},{"product_id":"pd2-dba-3-cas-51364-51-3","title":"Pd₂(dba)₃ | CAS 51364-51-3 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e51364-51-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e479-280-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00013310\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=C(C=C1)\/C=C\/C(=O)\/C=C\/C2=CC=CC=C2.C1=CC=C(C=C1)\/C=C\/C(=O)\/C=C\/C2=CC=CC=C2.C1=CC=C(C=C1)\/C=C\/C(=O)\/C=C\/C2=CC=CC=C2.[Pd].[Pd]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3C17H14O.2Pd\/c3*18-17(13-11-15-7-3-1-4-8-15)14-12-16-9-5-2-6-10-16;;\/h3*1-14H;;\/b3*13-11+,14-12+;;\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eCYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e9811564\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₅₁H₄₂O₃Pd₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e915.72 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e152–155 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eInsoluble in water, soluble in chlorinated solvents, benzene and THF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eDark purple to brown solid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRelatively stable in air. Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container in a dry, cool place, protected from light. For long-term storage keep under nitrogen to maintain product quality.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSDS \/ CoA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/Pd2_dba_3_EU_MSDS_1.0.pdf?v=1788135906\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: #002147; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500;\"\u003eDownload PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)\u003c\/strong\u003e (Pd₂(dba)₃) is a bench-stable source of soluble palladium(0) for cross-coupling. Three dibenzylideneacetone ligands bridge two palladium centres, bound through the alkene units and not the carbonyl. The ligands are weakly held and readily displaced, so the active LnPd(0) catalyst forms in situ when a phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene is added. Palladium-to-ligand ratios between 1:1.5 and 1:6 are the usual working range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of the dba ligand.\u003c\/strong\u003e Coordinated dba lowers reactivity, a documented limitation with biarylphosphine ligands. After oxidative addition part of the dba is displaced, and displaced dba lowers the coupling barrier. Both effects operate; which one dominates depends on the ligand and the reaction step.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuzuki–Miyaura coupling:\u003c\/strong\u003e with an electron-rich biarylphosphine, a catalytic quantity gives biaryls with four ortho substituents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBuchwald–Hartwig amination:\u003c\/strong\u003e palladium(0) entry point for aromatic C–N bond formation from aryl halides and triflates, with a dialkylbiaryl phosphine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNegishi coupling and allylic alkylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Trost asymmetric allylic alkylation and the Carroll rearrangement, where π-allyl palladium chemistry starts from palladium(0).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePalladium nanoparticle synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e molecular precursor to palladium nanoparticles and to supported palladium.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBatch age and palladium content.\u003c\/strong\u003e Commercial Pd₂(dba)₃ is not a single well-defined substance. Zalesskiy and Ananikov (\u003cem\u003eOrganometallics\u003c\/em\u003e 2012, 31, 2302) determined the palladium species actually present in commercial material and found palladium nanoparticles alongside the molecular complex, in proportions that vary between samples. Crystallography on as-grown platelets separately gives a structure consistent with Pd₂(dba)₃ but a measured composition near Pd₁.₀₇(dba)₃, one palladium short of the formula. Two consequences follow at the bench: a loading calculated from 915.7 g\/mol can overstate the palladium actually delivered, and an aged bottle is not interchangeable with a fresh one when a reaction is being optimised. Date of manufacture and the certificate of analysis matter more on this reagent than on a simple organic building block.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther limits.\u003c\/strong\u003e The chloroform solvate decomposes to palladium black over long reaction times at elevated temperature. Where a two-coordinate PdL₂ species is required, this precursor, like Pd(PPh₃)₄ and Pd(OAc)₂, does not generate it efficiently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFurther reading:\u003c\/strong\u003e For phosphine-ligand selection, palladium sources and precatalysts, and Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig reagent choice, see NorrChemica's Lab Journal guide: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/blogs\/lab-journal\/choosing-a-phosphine-ligand-for-cross-coupling-a-practical-guide\"\u003eChoosing a Phosphine Ligand for Cross-Coupling: A Practical Guide\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54744441454929,"sku":"NOR-51364513-250mg","price":29.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":54744441487697,"sku":"NOR-51364513-1g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0 g","offer_id":54744441520465,"sku":"NOR-51364513-2g","price":149.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54744441553233,"sku":"NOR-51364513-5g","price":349.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54744441586001,"sku":"NOR-51364513-10g","price":698.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54744441618769,"sku":"NOR-51364513-25g","price":1498.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Pd2dba3.png?v=1788133736"},{"product_id":"ruphos-pd-g3-cas-1445085-77-7","title":"RuPhos Pd G3 | CAS 1445085-77-7 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e1445085-77-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e809-028-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD22572684\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"wrap-break-word space-y-1\"\u003eCC(C)OC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2P(C3CCCCC3)C4CCCCC4.CS(=O)(=O)O.C1=CC=C([C-]=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2N.[Pd]\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C30H43O2P.C12H10N.CH4O3S.Pd\/c1-22(2)31-27-19-13-20-28(32-23(3)4)30(27)26-18-11-12-21-29(26)33(24-14-7-5-8-15-24)25-16-9-6-10-17-25;13-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)10-6-2-1-3-7-10;1-5(2,3)4;\/h11-13,18-25H,5-10,14-17H2,1-4H3;1-6,8-9H,13H2;1H3,(H,2,3,4);\/q;-1;;\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e \u003cspan\u003eGYTUQNMMIUJBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e117064724\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₄₃H₅₆NO₅PPdS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e836.37 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e188–196 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in polar organic solvents including methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eLight yellow powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eRelatively stable in air for weighing and handling. Store refrigerated (2–8 °C) in a tightly closed container, protected from light and under inert gas (N₂ or Ar).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSDS \/ CoA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/RuPhos_Pd_G3_EU_MSDS_1.0.pdf?v=1788139967\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: #002147; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDownload PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRuPhos Pd G3\u003c\/strong\u003e is the ready-to-use palladium form of RuPhos: the ligand, a deprotonated 2-aminobiphenyl and a methanesulfonate on one palladium centre, giving a defined 1:1 ligand-to-palladium ratio in a single weighable solid. It releases monoligated LnPd(0) on contact with base, so there is no separate reduction step and no phosphine-to-palladium ratio to optimise. This is the palladium complex and not the free ligand. RuPhos alone is a separate product at 466.6 g\/mol against 836.37 here, so a loading calculated from the ligand mass is out by nearly a factor of two.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications and Reactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBuchwald–Hartwig amination.\u003c\/strong\u003e The principal use. RuPhos is the ligand of choice for secondary amines, coupling functionalised aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, bromides and triflates at low loadings and short reaction times. Substituted morpholines and piperidines couple in high yields and pyrrolidines in moderate yields. Temperature matters for hindered partners: a Boc-protected piperazine rose from 39 to 65% yield on running the reaction at room temperature. On 3-bromo-2-aminopyridine, substituents at the 5 and 6 positions are tolerated while the 4 position is deleterious.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNegishi coupling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Organozinc reagents with aryl halides, giving hindered biaryls at low catalyst loading with broad functional-group tolerance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuzuki–Miyaura coupling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Boron nucleophiles with aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, including alkyl trifluoroborates. The RuPhos ligand, in a separate palladium system, gave tri- and tetra-substituted biaryls at low catalyst loading in tetrahydrofuran at 70 °C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActivation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Base deprotonates the palladium-bound amine to give a palladium amido complex, which reductively eliminates carbazole, a methanesulfonate salt and monoligated zerovalent palladium. Until that point the aminobiphenyl is monoanionic and bound through both carbon and nitrogen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe carbazole byproduct.\u003c\/strong\u003e Its fate is documented in both directions on 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycles. On a related palladacycle, base and the oxidative addition intermediate convert it into an aryl carbazolyl complex that acts as the catalyst resting state and limits palladium decomposition. An inhibiting effect is separately documented in some couplings on this family, and the released carbazole can itself be arylated, consuming starting material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented limits.\u003c\/strong\u003e With a branched primary amine such as cyclopentylamine it gave 47% against 78% for a BrettPhos precatalyst on the same substrate, and alkylamines need heating. The isolated solid described in the literature holds close to one tetrahydrofuran per formula unit, which is a real weighing consideration, and partial decomposition follows storage outside the stated conditions with reduced catalytic performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFurther reading:\u003c\/strong\u003e For phosphine-ligand selection, palladium sources and precatalysts, and Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig reagent choice, see NorrChemica's Lab Journal guide: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/blogs\/lab-journal\/choosing-a-phosphine-ligand-for-cross-coupling-a-practical-guide\"\u003eChoosing a Phosphine Ligand for Cross-Coupling: A Practical Guide\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":54753509507409,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-250mg","price":29.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":54753509540177,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-500mg","price":47.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":54753509572945,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-1g","price":84.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0 g","offer_id":54753509605713,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-2g","price":159.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":54753509638481,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-5g","price":329.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":54753509671249,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-10g","price":598.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":54753509704017,"sku":"NOR-1445085777-25g","price":1489.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_card_template_Ruphos-Pd-G3.png?v=1788283605"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/collections\/Catalysis.jpg?v=1789512161","url":"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/collections\/catalysts.oembed?page=2","provider":"NorrChemica","version":"1.0","type":"link"}