{"product_id":"d-alanine-cas-338-69-2","title":"D-Alanine | CAS 338-69-2 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e338-69-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e206-418-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00008077\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC[C@H](C(=O)O)N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C3H7NO2\/c1-2(4)3(5)6\/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)\/t2-\/m1\/s1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eQNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e71080\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₃H₇NO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e89.09 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e291 °C (dec.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eSoluble in water (165 g\/L at 25 °C). Slightly soluble in ethanol and pyridine. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2922.49\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD-Alanine\u003c\/strong\u003e (D-Ala) is the D (R) enantiomer of alanine. It is not one of the amino acids that cells use to make proteins, but in bacteria it is a building block of the cell wall.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacterial cell wall.\u003c\/strong\u003e The bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan: sugar chains linked by short peptides that end in D-alanine. During cell wall synthesis, enzymes called transpeptidases remove the last D-alanine of one peptide and join that peptide to a peptide on a neighbouring chain. D-Alanine is therefore used in research on how bacteria build their cell wall.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate of D-amino acid oxidase.\u003c\/strong\u003e D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is an enzyme that oxidises D-amino acids. The products are an α-keto acid, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide; from D-alanine, the α-keto acid is pyruvate. D-Alanine is used as the substrate in assays of DAAO activity. In cells made to express DAAO, adding D-alanine produces hydrogen peroxide inside the cell, so that the place, time and amount of hydrogen peroxide can be controlled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin:8px 0 18px 0;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;gap:2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;\"\u003e\u003csvg role=\"img\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" width=\"140px\" height=\"115px\" viewbox=\"0 0 140 115\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 61.2,43.3 L 61.7,43.3\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 60.9,39.9 L 61.9,39.9\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 60.7,36.5 L 62.2,36.5\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 60.4,33.0 L 62.4,33.0\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 60.2,29.6 L 62.7,29.6\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 59.9,26.2 L 63.0,26.2\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 59.6,22.8 L 63.2,22.8\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 59.4,19.4 L 63.5,19.4\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 59.1,16.0 L 63.7,16.0\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 58.9,12.6 L 64.0,12.6\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 61.4,46.7 L 90.9,63.7\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 90.9,66.7 L 116.6,51.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 88.3,62.2 L 114.1,47.4\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 90.9,63.7 L 90.9,92.3\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 61.4,46.7 L 36.3,61.2\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 62.9,47.5 L 61.4,46.7 L 60.2,47.4\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 89.4,62.9 L 90.9,63.7 L 90.9,65.1\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cg style=\"font:12px sans-serif;fill:#000;stroke:none\"\u003e\u003ctext x=\"120.4\" y=\"50.9\" text-anchor=\"middle\"\u003eO\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"87.3\" y=\"102.0\" text-anchor=\"start\"\u003eOH\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"35.5\" y=\"67.9\" text-anchor=\"end\"\u003eH₂N\u003c\/text\u003e\u003c\/g\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:80px;max-width:108px;padding:0 4px;text-align:center;font-size:12px;line-height:1.3;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDAAO\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-size:30px;line-height:1;\"\u003e⟶\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eO₂, H₂O\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;\"\u003e\u003csvg role=\"img\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" width=\"140px\" height=\"115px\" viewbox=\"0 0 140 115\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 53.9,8.8 L 53.8,45.9\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 53.8,45.9 L 86.0,64.5\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 86.0,67.7 L 114.4,51.3\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 83.2,62.9 L 111.6,46.5\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 86.0,64.5 L 85.9,96.1\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 53.8,42.7 L 25.4,59.1\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 56.6,47.5 L 28.2,63.9\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 53.8,44.0 L 53.8,45.9 L 55.4,46.8\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 84.4,63.5 L 86.0,64.5 L 86.0,66.1\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cg style=\"font:12px sans-serif;fill:#000;stroke:none\"\u003e\u003ctext x=\"118.1\" y=\"50.1\" text-anchor=\"middle\"\u003eO\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"82.3\" y=\"105.8\" text-anchor=\"start\"\u003eOH\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"21.7\" y=\"68.6\" text-anchor=\"middle\"\u003eO\u003c\/text\u003e\u003c\/g\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:20px;padding:0 4px;\"\u003e+\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:14px;padding:0 4px;\"\u003eNH₃\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:20px;padding:0 4px;\"\u003e+\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:14px;padding:0 4px;\"\u003eH₂O₂\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:12px;margin:4px 0 0 0;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eD-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) converts D-alanine (left) to pyruvic acid, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmine donor for transaminases.\u003c\/strong\u003e (R)-Selective ω-transaminases that use alanine as the amine donor require D-alanine. They transfer its amino group to a ketone, which gives an (R)-amine and pyruvate. The reaction is an equilibrium, so the pyruvate is removed, for example with lactate dehydrogenase, to drive the reaction towards the amine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin:8px 0 18px 0;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;gap:2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;\"\u003e\u003csvg role=\"img\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" width=\"125px\" height=\"100px\" viewbox=\"0 0 125 100\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 37.1,50.0 L 72.1,50.0\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 73.6,52.7 L 88.7,26.6\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 69.1,50.0 L 84.2,23.9\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 72.1,50.0 L 86.5,75.0\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M 70.4,50.0 L 72.1,50.0 L 72.8,51.3\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cg style=\"font:12px sans-serif;fill:#000;stroke:none\"\u003e\u003ctext 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0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, 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