{"product_id":"l-glutathione-reduced-cas-70-18-8","title":"L-Glutathione, Reduced | CAS 70-18-8 | ≥97%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e70-18-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e200-725-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00065939\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eRTECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMC0556000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/C10H17N3O6S\/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16\/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)\/t5-,6-\/m0\/s1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eRWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e124886\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e307.33 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e192–195 °C (decomposes)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eVery soluble in water. Freely soluble in dilute alcohol and DMF. Soluble in DMSO. Almost insoluble in ethanol.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥97%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2930.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333;\"\u003eKeep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep refrigerated.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Glutathione, Reduced\u003c\/strong\u003e (GSH) is the tripeptide γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine. It is the most abundant endogenous non-protein antioxidant. 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y=\"180\" font-size=\"11\"\u003eH\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"228\" y=\"29\" font-size=\"11\"\u003eO\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"257\" y=\"28\" font-size=\"11\"\u003eO\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"264\" y=\"28\" font-size=\"11\"\u003eH\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"258\" y=\"61\" font-size=\"11\"\u003eN\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"266\" y=\"61\" font-size=\"11\"\u003eH\u003c\/text\u003e\u003ctext x=\"273\" y=\"65\" font-size=\"7\"\u003e2\u003c\/text\u003e\u003c\/g\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:12px;margin:4px 0 0 0;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOxidation joins two molecules of GSH (left) through a disulfide bond to give GSSG (right); glutathione reductase with NADPH converts GSSG back to GSH.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRedox state in cells.\u003c\/strong\u003e Glutathione is the major redox buffer of the secretory pathway. The ratio of GSH to GSSG there is much lower than in the cell as a whole, so the secretory pathway is more oxidising than the cytosol. Glutathione also forms mixed disulfides with cysteine residues of proteins. This S-glutathionylation is a reversible modification that can regulate protein activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurification of GST fusion proteins.\u003c\/strong\u003e Proteins expressed in \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c\/em\u003e as fusions with glutathione S-transferase (GST) are purified by affinity chromatography on immobilised glutathione. Reduced glutathione then elutes the bound fusion protein under mild, non-denaturing conditions. Competitive elution with reduced glutathione has also been used in binding assays, to recover a GST fusion protein together with the proteins bound to it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtein refolding.\u003c\/strong\u003e Mixtures of reduced and oxidised glutathione are used as redox buffers to refold reduced, denatured proteins, so that they form their correct disulfide bonds. In a study on chymotrypsinogen, molecules with wrongly paired disulfides were renatured by thiol-catalysed interchange of disulfide bonds. In a study on ribonuclease, refolding in a glutathione buffer was not inhibited by EDTA, unlike air oxidation, and it worked at much higher protein concentrations. Reduced and oxidised glutathione have been used to refold recombinant proteins expressed in \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c\/em\u003e, such as a malaria vaccine candidate antigen and a cysteine protease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnzyme assays.\u003c\/strong\u003e Liver glutathione S-transferase B catalyses the conjugation of glutathione with electrophiles such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), and incubation with CDNB is used to measure GST activity in protein extracts. Glutathione peroxidase oxidises GSH to GSSG with hydrogen peroxide, and this reaction can be coupled to glutathione reductase and NADPH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrug metabolism and covalent inhibitors.\u003c\/strong\u003e GSH is added to microsomal incubations as a trapping reagent, so that reactive metabolites are captured as glutathione conjugates. The conjugates are commonly screened by LC–MS\/MS for a neutral loss of 129 Da, which is pyroglutamic acid lost from the γ-glutamyl part of glutathione. Rates of reaction with GSH are measured to compare electrophiles such as acrylamides in the design of cysteine-targeted covalent inhibitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasuring glutathione.\u003c\/strong\u003e GSH is measured with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), which oxidises it and forms the yellow 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB), read at 412 nm. In the enzymatic recycling assay, glutathione reductase and NADPH convert GSSG back to GSH, so the assay measures total glutathione.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReduction-sensitive carriers.\u003c\/strong\u003e Solutions of GSH have been used to trigger and test drug release from carriers that contain disulfide links, such as reduction-sensitive micelles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"1.0 g","offer_id":55166998511953,"sku":"NOR-70188-1g","price":39.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5.0 g","offer_id":55166998544721,"sku":"NOR-70188-5g","price":89.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":55166998577489,"sku":"NOR-70188-10g","price":129.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":55166998610257,"sku":"NOR-70188-25g","price":179.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":55430106251601,"sku":"NOR-70188-50g","price":269.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":55166998643025,"sku":"NOR-70188-100g","price":398.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":55430106284369,"sku":"NOR-70188-250g","price":698.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":55166998675793,"sku":"NOR-70188-500g","price":995.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/L-Glutathione_Reduced.png?v=1792258275","url":"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/products\/l-glutathione-reduced-cas-70-18-8","provider":"NorrChemica","version":"1.0","type":"link"}