{"product_id":"tris-2-2-bipyridine-ruthenium-ii-dichloride-cas-14323-06-9","title":"Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Dichloride | CAS 14323-06-9 | ≥98%","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e14323-06-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eEC \/ EINECS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e238-266-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMDL Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eMFCD00013224\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSMILES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eC1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eInChI=1S\/3C10H8N2.2ClH.Ru\/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;;;\/h3*1-8H;2*1H;\/q;;;;;+2\/p-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eInChIKey\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; word-break: break-all;\"\u003eSJFYGUKHUNLZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e84353\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eC30H24Cl2N6Ru\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e640.53 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e300 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFreely soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile; gives an intensely orange-red solution with strong red-orange luminescence under UV\/blue excitation.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e≥98%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRed to orange crystalline powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eHS Code\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003e2843.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eFinland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eRetest period: 36 months from date of manufacture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 600; color: #002147; width: 200px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0; background: #f7f8fb; font-size: 0.95em; vertical-align: top;\"\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 9px 16px; color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e8f0;\"\u003eStore in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container, protected from light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eProduct Description \u0026amp; Scientific Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 16px 20px; border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.65; color: #333;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[Ru(bpy)3]2+\u003c\/strong\u003e, the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) cation, is the archetypal visible-light photoredox catalyst. Absorption in the MLCT band (ε452 ≈ 14,600 M−1cm−1) is followed by near-unity intersystem crossing to a long-lived 3MLCT state (λem ≈ 615 nm; typically ~0.6–0.9 µs in deoxygenated aqueous or organic media) that can act as both a photo-oxidant and a photo-reductant. Reductive quenching by a sacrificial donor generates the strongly reducing Ru(bpy)3+, while oxidative quenching generates the strongly oxidising Ru(bpy)33+; the ground-state couples are E(Ru3+\/Ru2+) ≈ +1.29 V and E(Ru2+\/Ru+) ≈ −1.33 V vs SCE. These two manifolds underpin the methodologies below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynthetic methodologies developed with this catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTin-free reductive dehalogenation:\u003c\/strong\u003e reduction of activated C–X bonds using \u003cem\u003ei\u003c\/em\u003e-Pr2NEt with HCO2H or Hantzsch ester as hydrogen-atom donor, chemoselective over aryl and vinyl halides and operable on preparative scale.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e[2+2] cycloadditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e reductive radical-anion [2+2] cycloadditions of enones and oxidative radical-cation [2+2] cycloadditions of electron-rich olefins, including methyl-viologen-mediated variants, giving substituted cyclobutanes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormal [3+2] cycloadditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e visible-light ring-opening coupling of aryl cyclopropyl ketones with alkenes, under Lewis-acid\/base assistance, to give highly substituted cyclopentanes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnantioselective α-alkylation of aldehydes:\u003c\/strong\u003e dual photoredox–organocatalysis with a chiral imidazolidinone and activated alkyl halides, giving enantioenriched α-alkyl aldehydes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eC–H alkylation of electron-rich heteroarenes:\u003c\/strong\u003e direct functionalisation of indoles, pyrroles and furans with activated alkyl bromides such as diethyl bromomalonate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC):\u003c\/strong\u003e aerobic α-C–H functionalisation of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines through photogenerated iminium ions, coupling with nucleophiles such as nitroalkanes (the aza-Henry\/nitro-Mannich reaction).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAddition to N-acyliminium ions:\u003c\/strong\u003e nucleophile addition to N-acylimines generated in situ from α-amidosulfides, giving α,α-disubstituted amines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical fluoroalkylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e azido- and aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with an electrophilic CF3 source such as Umemoto’s reagent, and radical addition to trifluoromethyl ketones to give trifluoromethyl carbinols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy-transfer catalysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e triplet-sensitised alkene \u003cem\u003eE\u003c\/em\u003e\/\u003cem\u003eZ\u003c\/em\u003e isomerisation of accessible-triplet-energy substrates such as stilbenes, with no change in catalyst oxidation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhotocontrolled radical polymerisation:\u003c\/strong\u003e visible-light RAFT (PET-RAFT), in which Ru(bpy)32+ operates through coupled electron- and\/or energy-transfer pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeyond synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemiluminescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e the foundational coreactant ECL luminophore; electro-oxidation with tri-\u003cem\u003en\u003c\/em\u003e-propylamine (TPrA) populates the 3MLCT state to emit near 615 nm without optical excitation (peroxydisulfate as cathodic coreactant), underpinning immunoassay, biosensor and analytical detection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolar-fuel research:\u003c\/strong\u003e a classic photosensitiser in multicomponent hydrogen-evolution systems, paired with sacrificial donors, methyl-viologen relays and proton-reduction catalysts such as platinum colloids or cobaloximes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 28px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: #002147; padding: 10px 20px; margin-bottom: 0;\"\u003e  \u003ch3 style=\"margin: 0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.70em; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\"\u003eShipping Destinations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"border: 1px solid #e4e8f0; border-top: none; padding: 12px 16px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.95em;\"\u003e\u003cul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEU \u0026amp; UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eUnited States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eEFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #002147; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWorldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"NorrChemica™","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":53675191271761,"sku":"NOR-14323069-250mg","price":37.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":53842460737873,"sku":"NOR-14323069-500mg","price":69.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":53675191173457,"sku":"NOR-14323069-1g","price":109.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 g","offer_id":53675191206225,"sku":"NOR-14323069-2g","price":198.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":53675191238993,"sku":"NOR-14323069-5g","price":389.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":53842462933329,"sku":"NOR-14323069-10g","price":679.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0954\/6357\/1793\/files\/NorrChemica_Tris_2_2_-bipyridine_ruthenium_II_Dichloride.png?v=1782781391","url":"https:\/\/www.norrchemica.com\/products\/tris-2-2-bipyridine-ruthenium-ii-dichloride-cas-14323-06-9","provider":"NorrChemica","version":"1.0","type":"link"}