NorrChemica™
DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT)
DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT) | CAS 3483-12-3 | ≥95%
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Technical Specifications
| CAS Number | 3483-12-3 |
| EC / EINECS Number | 222-468-7 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00004877 |
| RTECS Number | EK1610000 |
| SMILES | C([C@@H]([C@H](CS)O)O)S |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C4H10O2S2/c5-3(1-7)4(6)2-8/h3-8H,1-2H2/t3-,4-/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | VHJLVAABSRFDPM-IMJSIDKUSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 439196 |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₁₀O₂S₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 154.25 g/mol |
| Melting Point | 41–44 °C |
| Solubility | Highly soluble in water (50 mg/mL), ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate |
| Log Pow | 0.07 at pH 5.0 and 25 °C |
| Purity | ≥95% |
| Physical Form | White crystalline powder |
| HS Code | 2930.90 |
| Shelf Life | Retest period: 12 months from date of manufacture |
| Storage Conditions | Store refrigerated (2–8 °C) in a tightly sealed container under inert atmosphere, protected from moisture |
Product Description & Scientific Applications
DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT; Cleland's reagent) is a water-soluble dithiol that reduces disulfide bonds to the corresponding thiols. Reduction proceeds by two sequential thiol–disulfide exchanges. The first opens the substrate disulfide to a mixed disulfide. The second closes intramolecularly to give oxidised DTT, the six-membered cyclic disulfide trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane. Producing two products from one reactant displaces the equilibrium toward reduction, particularly in dilute solution. DTT has a redox potential of −0.33 V at pH 7.
pH and thiolate dependence. Only the deprotonated thiolate is nucleophilic. DTT therefore reduces fastest above pH 7, and is sluggish near neutrality, where most of its thiol groups are protonated. Disulfide reduction finishes within a few minutes at pH 8 but is far slower at pH 7.
Advantage over monothiols. The ring-closing step is faster than the initial intermolecular exchange, so the mixed-disulfide intermediate does not accumulate. Monothiol reductants such as glutathione, cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol have exchange equilibria near unity and must be used in large excess.
Disulfide reduction. In the laboratory DTT is the standard reagent for this reduction, used on disulfides in both small molecules and proteins. Reduction of cystine runs to completion even when oxidised DTT is present in tenfold excess.
Protecting thiols. DTT also keeps thiol groups in the reduced state. It protects the sulfhydryl groups of coenzyme A and of enzymes against air oxidation to disulfides.
Solubility, odour and stability. DTT is a highly water-soluble solid of little odour. Its reduced solutions resist air oxidation better than glutathione, though oxidation is catalysed by monothiols such as cysteine. Oxidised DTT absorbs near 283 nm, allowing the extent of oxidation to be checked spectrophotometrically.
Shipping Destinations
- EU & UK: Priority delivery, 2–5 business days.
- United States (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.
- EFTA Countries (DDP): 3–7 business days, duties and taxes prepaid.
- Worldwide: 7–14 business days, selected locations.
Safety Information
| GHS Pictograms |
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| Signal Word | Warning |
| Hazard Class | None — not subject to transport regulations |
| Transport Category | Not classified as dangerous goods for transport (ADR/IATA/IMDG) |
| H-Statements | H302 - H315 - H319 |
| P-Statements | P264 - P270 - P280 - P301+P312 - P302+P352 - P305+P351+P338 - P332+P313 - P337+P313 - P501 |
Documentation
| Safety Data Sheet | Download PDF |
