(±)-1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diamine

Technical Specifications

Product Description & Scientific Applications

(±)-1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diamine (rac-BINAM; (±)-DABN) is a C₂-symmetric aromatic diamine supplied as the 1:1 racemate: two naphthalene units joined at their 1,1′ positions, each with an amino group at the adjacent 2-position. It has no stereogenic carbon. Its handedness arises from hindered rotation about that 1,1′ bond, which holds the two ring systems at a large dihedral angle and locks the molecule into (R)- and (S)-atropisomers. The flanking amino groups raise the rotational barrier, which substituent size governs rather than solvent or electronics, and the same crowding allows the two forms to be separated. It is the diamine counterpart of BINOL and, with BINOL and BINAP, one of the privileged binaphthyl scaffolds of asymmetric synthesis.

Configurational stability and resolution. At ordinary working temperatures the two atropisomers do not interconvert, so once separated each remains a single enantiomer. rac-BINAM is accordingly the starting material for (R)- and (S)-BINAM. Recently it has been proved that the barrier can be lowered on demand: BINAM racemizes at 30–40 °C under blue light with an Ir(dF(CF₃)ppy)₂(dtbpy)PF₆ photocatalyst and N,N-dimethylaniline, in 99% yield and <1% ee (Org. Lett. 2025, 27, 1912–1917). The photocatalyst oxidises BINAM to a radical cation, which rotates freely; dimethylaniline then reduces it back to racemic BINAM. The same work reports that “dynamic kinetic resolution was also achieved with 80% enantioselectivity”.

Ligand scaffold. The amino groups present a rigid chelating pocket that transmits the axial chirality to a bound metal. BINAM is the diamine half of salen and salan ligands: condensation with two equivalents of a salicylaldehyde gives a binaphthyl-bridged bis-imine, the privileged ligand class behind much of asymmetric metal catalysis. It is likewise elaborated into sulfonamide, phosphoramide and thiophosphoramide derivatives, and into other diimines and diamines. Derivatives built from the racemate are themselves racemic; the enantiopure ligands come from (R)- or (S)-BINAM.

Place in the binaphthyl family. Replacing the two hydroxyls of BINOL with amino groups exchanges a hard-oxygen donor set for a softer nitrogen one, shifting metal affinity and opening the imine and amide chemistry the diol cannot access, while the axis relays chirality as in BINOL and BINAP. The mixed amino–hydroxy congener NOBIN is a related chiral building block. The binaphthyl diamines are durable tools for chiral ligand design and enantioselective recognition.

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